...two different pairs of chromosomes using gRNAs specific to sequences on chromosomes 9 and 13. They next ...example, the visualization of chromosomal translocations or chromosomal shattering (chromothripsis). As...could then be used to examine both inter- and intrachromosomal dynamics, and how they change in response ...turned their attention to mapping pairs of intrachromosomal loci. The technique successfully resolved ... this work represents the first mapping of intrachromosomal loci, a major benchmark in characterizing ...next! References Multicolor CRISPR labeling of chromosomal loci in human cells. Ma H, Naseri A, Reyes-Gutierrez...

...integrate into the host cell’s genome. However, sometimes inte-great-ion isn’t so great. In this post, we...RNA genomes into DNA to be integrated into the chromosome of the cell. This integrated viral genome is ...generate long-lasting changes in cells. However, for some applications, integration might be considered a ... poised for integration, two types of circular episomes can be generated through either homologous recombination...Schematic representation of integration process and episomal forms of non-integrating transgenes. Created with...adapted from Banasik and McCray, 2010. These episomes are not maintained in dividing cells because they...). Over time, the expression diminishes as the episomes are lost through cycles of cell division, though...

...helpful. I set out to make something practical and accessible. If there's something you come across that is...failure to clearly articulate one's talents and ideas. Some key points from my ebook, "Applying for a Faculty...your specialty area, it's a safe bet that at least some committee members will NOT be in your area. Therefore...solicited for feedback), possibly the Dean, and even some people in your field that still need to understand...The second question is whether there is chalk. Sometimes. It can also be a slide deck, markers, etc. Chalk... What is the big question? This should be something that anyone could relate to, that people would...students encouraged me to publish this manual and earn some cash for my expensive habits of running shoes and...

...So you have this awesome experiment you want to do, but it requires some AAV. You’ve never worked with...as it’s ~4.4 kb or smaller. Some examples include a reporter like GFP, some smaller CRISPR-Cas proteins...like all good experiments, making AAV starts with some plasmids. You just need three plasmids to start ...their secondary structure and high GC content, but some companies now offer Sanger sequencing conditions...Other cis-regulatory elements Next let’s talk about some of the elements that aren’t required parts of an...video!   Now you’ve got a basic understanding of some common AAV plasmid elements! And while there are...

...I had to start somewhere. I knew if I started with the Harvard Business Review or some Chartered Institute... learn something about marketing would be to start reading a broad simple overview, learn some jargon ...research experience, a PhD or a Master’s degree and some marketing experience, with little emphasis placed... years and purchased their products, so you have some of the best ideas on how to sell these products ...of the basics of sales and marketing and reading some of these articles would have stressed me out more... ELISA kit company on whose website you can find some great information on ELISA troubleshooting, ELISA...

...that, let’s take a look at exosomes. Proficient in transportation, exosomes are tools of communication...evasiveness, evolution, and response to treatment. Some microenvironment cells improve tumor’s durability...after injecting breast cancer cells into mice, exosomes expressed specific integrins (cell-adhesion proteins...proteins) targeting different organs. This means that exosomes not only promote microenvironment’s malignancy...also incite different organs to become malignant. Exosomes also contain miRNA (micro RNA) and other molecules...epigenetic changes in targeted cells. In this case, exosomes may transport miRNA from drug-resistant cells ...PMID: 22439926. Hoshino, Ayuko, et al. "Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis." Nature...

...Another difficulty is that some articles are just harder to write. “There’s something about being a writer ...’s science communication journey started with something unexpected: termites. “I was really interested... work for one client and then switch to doing something else. You’re never really integrated and part ...pulled in all of these different directions is sometimes at odds with the space needed to be creative. ...a lot of time to let you mind process things. Sometimes finding that uninterrupted time to be creative...connection with a reader, whether it’s a scientist or someone who’s affected by climate change or affected by...these problems through connections and that’s something that good storytellers in science can do.” Susan...

...is sifting through the long list of titles for something that is actually useful to you. When embarking... the jargon and background in your field, but sometimes papers are also just poorly written. By nature... are showing you their data. They should explain some of the rationale behind the line of experiments,...they collected and what it means. There should be some connection or flow among the figures and results...ultimately builds up to an overall conclusion(s). In some articles, the data are presented to build a case...conclusion. Personally, I like papers that can end with some sort of model (cartoons are appreciated) to visually... literature in your field of interest. Set aside some time each day or week to at least scan the titles...

...scientific endeavors. I hope that this post can provide some perspective and advice to any undergraduate interested...Professor, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor Sometimes teaches graduate and/or undergraduate classes ...thesis project to earn a degree "Rotation student" - some PhD programs have students rotate through a few ... I think reflecting on why it is we enjoy, or in some cases, don’t enjoy, is worthwhile and can help us...your way. Think critically about whether it’s something you want to dedicate your time and energy to. ...cultivate stronger relationships with my labmates. Sometimes what I thought was a dumb and very basic question...career advice and advancement, my labmates have been some of my closest friends and have often provided me...

...constructive feedback from experts. If someone crosses out something, find out why. Ask successful writers...how can you do it well? Below, I briefly describe some tips for a successful postdoc fellowship. 1. Reverse...researcher. Depending on the position, you may also want some evidence of teaching experience. How do you get...experiment in your new lab, stop and plan it out. Some questions to answer include: What is the goal of...is preferable to finding out you've been doing something all wrong or that a reagent has not been convincingly...position was because the search committee asked someone at my institute about me, even though I had not...exercise. I highly recommend running or biking or something that demands your attention. Eat well- a diet...

...that can replicate independently from its host’s chromosome. Although we usually think of bacteria when we... cellular reproduction, similar to the host’s chromosome, or they can spread between hosts through horizontal...Penicillium isn’t the only organism that knows it. Some bacteria possess plasmid-borne toxins like colicins...environments — like by living where no one else wants to. Some organisms manage this with plasmids that allow them...factors can also be integrated into the bacterial chromosome, but when encoded on plasmids, they can promote... plasmids that don’t have known functions. While some of these plasmids likely have undiscovered functions...plasmids tend to be small and poorly studied, but some researchers have suggested they may have relevance...

...could have wanted to know was just buried beneath someone's lunch. Many times, I’m pleasantly surprised to... searches scientific articles, patents, and even some doctoral dissertations. Streamline the question...send us an e-mail. That’s why we’re here! Below are some pointers to expedite and improve your customer service...answer several emails that start: “Hi! We ordered something from you and it’s wrong. Can you help us fix it...weeks to resolve adequately. Occasionally there are some really off-the-wall questions (perhaps that’s a ...where on this range your question falls. Here are some things to keep in mind after you hit “send” or dial...the full answer to a complicated question may take some time. If the customer service rep does not tell ...

...speak about. There should be some spontaneity, but having a good handle on some interesting questions and... by listing some and asking people to raise hands in response. I am always ready with some written poll...and talking as a result of the content. Here are some of my tips to organizing and running a memorable...Joanne's Reddit AMA Perhaps we should start with some examples of a bad panel discussion? You know, the...when to move on to the next topic. There must be some spontaneity so a moderator should be prepared with...participation can be pre-planned if the moderator knows some of the people in the audience. I always try to meet...

...protein. At some point during this interrogation process, they will almost invariably say something like “Oh...company is “…where molecules become real”.  We sometimes forget that the models we create are around 30... presented with a physical model of his large ribosomal subunit, he kept sliding his palm across the surface...determined electron density, have been known to say something silly like “See there, arginine 53 really is right...them to slow down and focus their attention on something tangible. Under the guidance of a trained educator...business – 3D Molecular Designs – to commercialize some of the best instructional materials that resulted...the education community that All models are wrong….Some models are useful. While a physical model of a protein...

...and offering advice on areas where you might need some help. Today, we’re highlighting an oft-underlooked... for your brainstorm session is to start with something completely unrelated to the issue and consider...out-of-the-box concept and pare it down until you have something tangible and applicable to your situation.   Thinking...   Thinking Outside the Box: Team Approaches At some point or another, you’ll find yourself needing to brainstorm...opportunity to speak out and prevent groupthink? Here are some ideas that I have found helpful in my team brainstorming... We become so fixated with the idea of making something the best it can be that it seems impossible to...stuck on a problem is to step away from it. Find something unrelated to do (many Addgenies enjoy rock climbing...

...popular genomic editing systems in E. coli. However, some users pointed out that this system did not function...recently, we’ve developed a new system “Multicopy chromosomal integration using CRISPR-associated transposases... both plasmids into the cell. The edit in the chromosome can now take place. After editing, pTargetF can...great for experiments that require only single chromosomal integration (ex: genome editing), our MUCICAT...transposase system, INTEGRATE, is best for multicopy chromosomal integration (ex: for protein expression) (Zhang...Zhang et al., 2020). Multicopy chromosomal integration for gene expression is an alternative versus plasmid-based...advantages: Fast and site-specific multicopy chromosomal integration of cargo without using screening ...

...." At the end of the day, someone has to write the article and that someone is going to be you. So, just...word limit, formatting guidelines, etc.) you have some criteria to shape the document. Get and use a reference...short bursts (even twenty minutes was enough to make some progress). For most researchers, it’s not always...citing both because I used both. Curate and present some useful data Typically lists and pictures are the...active role in writing and editing, so I always had someone to send drafts back and forth with. That being ...This is the time to transform the document into something cohesive-- change the sentences, make it flow,...Get feedback After you’re done editing, send it to some actual experts in the field for their feedback on...

...could induce seizures or some other unwanted phenomenon or it could reveal something fascinating. Behavior...in studying, but, in today’s post, we’ll discuss some of the important considerations you should think...to be fully summarized in a short blog post, but some examples I’m personally interested in include: intracranial...watch what happens. Who knows, you may observe something that could move your project onto the exciting—and... ways 1) your hypothesis is wrong or 2) there is some problem with the technical implementation of your...would be willing to teach you. An essential, yet sometimes overlooked, aspect of scientific research is that... of this; research benefits when the advances of some are shared with all. Due to the versatility and ...

...plasmid is in general, it's time to take a look at some of its parts. Elements such as the antibiotic resistance...having fewer parts than those in eukaryotic cells. Some promoters are constitutively active and on all the...boundary elements, insulators, and silencers; however, some "leakiness" of transcription may occur. This is ...created synthetic promoters, which typically include some combination of other promoter elements, and tend...have included two reference tables below listing some of the most common bacterial and mammalian promoters...May contain an enhancer region. Can be silenced in some cell types. EF1a General expression mRNA Strong...  Active in dicots, less active in monocots, with some activity in animal cells. Ubi General expression...

...decisions. As someone who was not necessarily a fan of the sciences, I knew I would run into some challenges...to. Brandon Solis, marketing intern. Something that I struggle with as I’ve been thinking about...was helpful to have Addgenies reassure me that someone would always be there to help me. As the Marketing...cute and on-brand templates for these posts. Some of recent Meet an Addgenie posts on Instagram! ...actually make connections with people. These were some of the things that really made me feel welcomed....been given the opportunity by Addgene. I have met some of the most genuine people who have shared amazing...