... compared to the E. coli strain expressing the empty vector. And thus was born ELSA - our happy lil’ cold-tolerant...decided to focus on a special class of enzymes expressed by psychrophilic (cold-loving) bacteria. These...recombinant psychrophilic enzymes for the host The expression of recombinant proteins for industrial or research...mesophilic, for example E. coli, carrying a plasmid expressing a protein of interest). Mesophilic microbes are...enzymes face very similar issues when forced to express in mesophilic host systems. The so-called “regular... to grow at low temperatures suitable for the expression of psychrophilic proteins. The primary problem...Factor), that would allow the stable folding and expression of recombinant psychrophilic proteins. As the...

...then easy to package in low-capacity vectors like AAV, a popular vector due to its low immunogenicity. But...in size and are easy to package in low-capacity vectors! These small, but mighty type VI-D enzymes are ...collateral cleavage does not occur when Cas13d is expressed in a mammalian system. Since Cas13d is functionally...RspWYL1 increases both targeted and collateral RNA degradation by RspCas13d. RspWYL1 also increased EsCas13d...Cas13d, both groups used very general bioinformatic screens that looked for a CRISPR repeat array near a putative... WYL-domain-containing accessory protein WYL1 increases RspCas13d and EsCas13d cleavage activity The majority...

...individually expressed proteins run in separate lanes. B: individually expressed and coexpressed proteins ...through two polycistronic expression vectors (3570 lanes/50 mLs) coexpressing a set of either 10, 30, 50...editing within a single expression cassette is advantageous to Cas9’s larger expression requirements (Figure... Figure 2: comparison of Cas 9 vs. Cas 12a expression cassettes when encoding multiple guides. While...opportunity for lab members or students new to protein expression and purification. Figure 3: The Penn State...Santilli, et al. 2021 Plasmids are used to express 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 kD proteins...expanded the genetic screening toolkit by optimizing a Cas12a-based method for screens. Cas12a’s ability ...

...excellent start (#22988, #137884). Both vectors allow the creation of amiRNAs based upon miRNA precursors...transgene. Typically, the desired target of RNAi is expressed as inverted repeats separated by a loop region...considerations, such as the starting material (DNA-based vector or purified RNA) and the initial state of the dsRNA... easiest approach to induce RNAi involves the expression of long hairpin RNA (hpRNA). This method is facilitated...construct has unique features, such as inducible expression of the hpRNA and/or fusing your gene target sequence... Although downstream work is required, several vectors can be found at Addgene that could serve as an ...ones? Here, I’ll cover some screening methods to identify them. Visual screening Regardless of the RNAi-trigger...

...in a single vector. In addition, the pol III promoter is relatively weak, and low expression of gRNAs from...III transcription, potentially increasing the levels of gRNA expression. Since tRNAs are among the most... confirming gRNA cleavage, they examined gRNA expression levels and indel generation for two PTG constructs...protoplasts. Compared to matching traditional gRNA-expressing constructs, transcript levels of PTG1 and PTG2...Xie et. al are specifically designed for plant expression, PTGs will likely be adaptable to many different...capacity. Still confused about the various tRNA expression strategies? No worries, I've summarized the three...research? Check out the PTG plasmids or plant expression systems available from Addgene. If you have any...

...viral vectors.  Caspedia: A data repository for Cas enzymes.  Open repository of CRISPR screens Cellosaurus...enzyme cut sites Open reading frame finder  Addgene vector database: Find sequences for plasmids assembled... sequence and functional information, such as expression patterns, post-translational modifications and...plasmid analysis tool including editing, annotating, creating maps, and more. This tool is maintained by M. ...University of Utah.   Figure 1: A plasmid map created in SnapGene of Blue Flame plasmid pET21a-BirA. ...

...Model Organisms Plasmids 101: Yeast Vectors Tips for Screening with the Yeast Two Hybrid System ...Phillips made the decision to release the K. phaffii expression system to the general research community in the...different uses for the phaffii-lous strain. Protein expression   K. phaffii first gained attention for its powerful...This gene promoter, AOX1, was co-opted for the expression of recombinant proteins by the pharmaceutical...pharmaceutical and biotech industries as a protein expression workhorse. This yeast can also give more protein bang...Saccharomyces cerevisiae to human: The important gene co‑expression modules. Biomedical Reports 7.2 (2017): 153-158...protein secretion, making harvesting recombinant proteins a cinch. This is because it doesn’t secrete its ...

...of robust expression of high G+C content genes, as validated through monitoring the expression of fluorescent...different vectors and flow cytometry is used to sort populations by mCherry and GFP expression to check... be seen through the success of the change in expression of GFP, for the stop codon should have changed...different biochemical secondary energy sources to increase protein yields from 36 μg/mL to 266 μg/mL. The...oxytetracycline enzymes. Next, this system was used to recreate natural biosynthetic pathways. Biosynthetic pathways...

...interest: Plasmid Color Expression Description pPROEX Aqua Cyan Bacterial Expresses Aquamarine with N-terminal...Cyan Mammalian Expresses mammalian optimized Aquamarine mCerulean N1 Cyan Mammalian Express a gene of interest...Cyan Mammalian Expresses mammalian optimized CyPet pCyPet-His Cyan Bacterial Expresses CyPet with C-terminal... Mammalian Expresses mammalian optimized YPet pYPet-His Yellow Bacterial Expresses YPet with C-terminal...Mammalian Express a gene of interest fused to the C-terminus of SYFP2 Clover Green Mammalian Expresses Clover...Cyan & Yellow Bacterial Gateway-compatible vector to express a gene of interest fused between ECFP and ...monomeric Cerulean mCerulean C1 Cyan Mammalian Express a gene of interest fused to the C-terminus of monomeric...

...in viral vectors, but easily fit in a TE. Transposons are also less likely than viral vectors to induce...Non-autonomous transposons, however, need another TE to express a transposase or reverse transcriptase so they ...transposon’s LTRs, similar to when packaging viral vectors.   Let’s take a closer look at three different ... in human cells at rates similar to retroviral vectors. The hyperactive version of the SB transposase,...efficiency in human cells similar to retroviral vectors. The hyperactive PB transposase (hyPB) is ~10-fold...transfer Transposons are an alternative to viral vector delivery of transgenes, like for iPSC reprogramming... piggyBac, which is a big advantage over viral vectors (~5 kB payload for AAV and ~8 kB payload for lentivirus...

...plant We developed plant adenine base editor (ABE) vectors to install A>G or T>C mutations in the plant genome...genome. We constructed three versions of the vector (pKABE6.3, pKABE7.9, and pKABE7.10) so that the user...are better suited (Gaudelli et al., 2017). Our vectors have two Bsa1 sites to clone the single guide RNA...scaffold) in a pol-III (OsU3) promoter driven expression system. We use a single polycistronic tRNA-gRNA... genomic site simultaneously.     These binary vectors could be used to generate stable genome edited ...Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We also constructed smaller vectors suitable for transient assays using protoplast ...cytosine deaminase with Cas9 nickase (nCas9). nCas9 creates a nick in the DNA by cutting only a single strand...

...LinkedIn.   References 1. Yin, R., et al. "Gene expression profiling analysis of bisphenol A-induced perturbation...cytoskeletal disorganization, apoptosis, and gene expression disregulation on HeLa cells." Journal of applied...with the Agarose Method Plasmids 101: Mammalian Vectors Resources on Addgene.org Find mammalian plasmids...plasmids for your research Find viral vectors for infecting mammalian cells ...making their surrounding media acidic through the secretion of lactic acid (a by-product of cellular metabolism...

...other molecules to host organisms. For instance, vectors derived from the Agrobacterium Ti virulence plasmid...especially when combined with natural inducible expression systems that allow tuning of metabolic pathways...developing new cloning techniques based on these vectors (Shareck et al., 2004). Plasmid categorization..., Y., Lee, B., & Miguez, C. B. (2004). Cloning Vectors Based on Cryptic Plasmids Isolated from Lactic ...Figure 1: Common functions of natural plasmids. Created with BioRender.com. Resistance (R) plasmids...resistance genes to help cells survive their own secretions. Pro tip! Historically, colicin-producing plasmids...years, and new classifications are still being created as whole-genome sequencing becomes more relevant...

...determined by comparing cells expressing only eGFP expression to cells expressing eGFP and mCherry. ACE was...mCherry and a T2A site and expressed in cells. mCherry is constitutively expressed to identify successfully...that can be repaired by NHEJ restoring mCherry expression. Cells can then be sorted using Fluorescence-...BFP variant, a BE4am-Cas9 base editor, and sgRNA vectors for the BFP-to-GFP conversion and to target specific...integrated it into human and mouse cells that expressed either Cas9 or an optimized cytidine base editor...antibiotic resistance markers, and other enzymes such as Cre-recombinase drastically expanding the base-editing... of a mutated start codon to initiate protein expression, it can be used for an array of detectable proteins...

...plasmids with low to medium copy numbers can still express massive amounts of protein given the proper promoter...the table below for more details.   Common Vectors Copy Number+ ori Incompatibility Group Control ...Relaxed This table defines common cloning vectors, their copy number, ori, and incompatibility groups...R6K, and 15A. Not all origins of replication are created equal. Some will produce many plasmid copies and...because they will compete for the same machinery, creating an unstable and unpredictable environment. As ...plasmids if they contain large inserts or genes that create a toxic product. The E. coli strain Most E....

... Congratulations, you have a plasmid expressing your gene of interest (YGOI) and are ready to dive into...confirm the presence of an insert in a particular vector by excising the insert from the backbone. To do...will need to know both the approximate size of the vector backbone as well as the predicted size of the insert...time-intensive, so we recommend a variety of ways to screen and verify your plasmids. Here, we'll cover restriction...500bp to 10kb, with the 3.0kb fragment having increased intensity to serve as a reference band. The uncut...

...My lab's vector of choice is AAV, with nearly every experiment requiring AAV. Before joining my lab, ...shell, or capsid; 2) the pHelper plasmid which expresses adenovirus genes which help mediate AAV viral ...Production of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors for in vitro and in vivo use. Current protocols... out what makes AAV a versatile tool for gene expression in mammals Use the PEI calculator for planning...transfer plasmid at 30 °C instead of 37 °C and then screen for ITR recombination with a SmaI or XmaI restriction...duplicated regions like the ITRs. Restriction digest screening for ITR deletion is still necessary. To save time...mL of my AAV transfer plasmid cultures and then screen with SmaI digests. I freeze the bacterial pellet...

...use plasmids from Addgene to construct NFIX expression vectors as well as reporters of NFIX function. They...interactions and how these interactions regulation gene expression. Recent studies have shown that the conditions...delete the functional portion of the Nfix gene using Cre recombinase and to generate Nfix-negative neural ...interactions and how these interactions regulation gene expression.     ...burden of immune symptoms on CDG patients and to increase their quality of life by reducing their risks ...ligand binding sites in T4 lysozyme by deficiency-creating substitutions." Journal of molecular biology 277.2...

...Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Fluorescent Protein Guide Expression Vectors from the Berkeley QB3 MacroLab Eric thanks...box of tags and fusion proteins to aid in the expression and purification of recombinant proteins. Tags...purification to get your protein as pure as possible? Vectors that offer different combinations of tags are readily...Biochemists and molecular biologists who need to overexpress and purify proteins can face any number of technical... some of the hurdles to overcome in order to overexpress a recombinant protein? It is not generally in...in a cell’s best interest to overexpress a protein. Energy and cellular resources are being spent to make...stabilization, as can maltose-binding protein (MBP). Overexpression can also lead to insolubility, and aggregated...

...in patched cells expressing wild type CoChR, these APs are absent in soCoChR-expressing cells. Finally,...C-terminus of the protein. Unlike the diffuse neuronal expression observed with wild type CoChR, soCoChR localizes...stimulation are largely absent in the soCoChR-expressing system. Taken together, Shemesh et. al. describe...Pseudomonas putida CBB5 and has been tailored for expression in E. coli. This operon is under the transcriptional...strong constitutive promoter (BBa_J23100) and expresses N-demethylases and other required enzymes, including...Moreover, a caffeine “addicted” E. coli strain expressing this operon can serve as a living biosensor for...FRET reference page for many other common FRET vectors. Murakoshi H, et al. Sci Rep. 2015. Pubmed PMID...