...from a single Illumina MiSeq® run. As shown in Fig. 2, below, differences in input concentration across ...laboratories from using these methods for routine processes like plasmid validation. At seqWell, Inc., our...sample-specific barcodes. Rather than continuing to process 100s to 1000s of samples individually, plexWell...additional benefit of plexWell™’s sequential tagging procedure, the quantities of library molecules for each ...a wide range of input DNA concentrations. This process is explained more fully in the animated Fig. 1 ...samples are brought in line with each other before proceeding to library prep. Even with this “pre-prep” normalization...

...Bacterial Cell Envelope. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2(5) a000414 (2010). Cleveland Clinic. Gram Stain. https...bacteria’s thinner membrane. Procedure The stain is a pretty simple process. First, flood the heat-fixed...pneumoniae, while the alcohol used in the staining process bleached another, Klebsiella pneumoniae. After ...photos/occbio/7092385559 For more specific procedural instructions, including timing, preparing the... them red or pink. At the end of the staining procedure, gram positive bacteria are stained purple or ...

...closer to the clinic (Tsai and Joung 2016). Table 2: Unbiased Genotyping Options Technique Detection...PMID: 23792628. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3773023. 2. Vouillot, Léna, Aurore Thélie, and Nicolas Pollet...most important steps in the CRISPR experimental process is validating edits. Regardless of which CRISPR...not an edit in the target gene. The validation process, also known as CRISPR genotyping, is critical to...

...motion videos is very time consuming; producing a 1-2 minute video takes an entire week of our free time...one step. Challenges in the LEGO science video process One major challenge when we started was creating...laboratory. When we started, the hardest part of the process was to embed personality in pieces of plastic, ...

...affinity and specificity. Trends in Immunology, 29(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2007.11.004 ...mark it as a target for other immune cells, in a process known as opsonization. In antibody-dependent complement... the pathogen the antibodies are bound to in a process known as phagocytosis.  Other functions We’re still...

...melanogaster." Molecular and cellular endocrinology 215.1-2 (2004): 1-10. PubMed PMID: 15026169. Soo, Rochelle...harbouring hairworm: a proteomics approach." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272.1577...

...strategy, etc.) and episomal expression will last ~2-7 days at moderate levels. With regard to target cells... What is a transduction?  Transduction is the process of transferring foreign nucleic acid into a cell.... Transductions are similar to transfections, processes which introduce foreign nucleic acid into cells...   Figure 1: Transduction to expression process. A viral particle enters a host cell, enters the...

...yourself greater chances for success.  Build a team of 2 or 3 Don’t go it alone.  You’ll find that no matter...background and/or connections to even begin this process. I am the cofounder and CEO of miLab, a Boston-...innovative ideas in all facets of the entrepreneurial process in order to develop those ideas into commercial...people for guidance.  Before even beginning the process of launching a company, you need to determine whether...

...and in line with Addgene style.        Fig. 2: Reference image (left) provided to our graphic designer...content. Regardless of the process, everything goes through an editing process and final check before publication...invite you behind the scenes in our content writing process, and to even get involved yourself. You probably...science, and our entire mission is to enable that process. Our repository of plasmids, AAVs, antibodies, ...recommendations. A few discussions in the review process led to quick dives back into the literature to ...and hit publish. Making content is an iterative process. We are constantly reviewing the resources we currently...

...elution choices: TE, Tris buffer, or water Figure 2: Tris-EDTA, Tris, or water? The buffer you choose ...the plasmid, and still allowing most downstream processing. On the other hand, nuclease free water is a ...

...another. You’ll need to validate that points 1 and 2 hold true under your specific experimental conditions...when (1) other strategies may not be feasible and (2) large-scale proteomic and transcriptomic datasets...identified as your target protein, allowing you to proceed with confidence.  Share your results Ultimately...

...and during your application process so you can learn more! Figure 2: The many ways to prepare for...teaching and mentoring others (see more in Figure 2). Starting early demonstrates not only your interest...

...Without binding to the guide RNA, Cas9 cannot cut. 2. Bind to target DNA in the presence of a guide RNA...systems have a variety of enzymes responsible for processing foreign DNA as well as the RNA guides required...scaffold linking the crRNA to Cas9 and facilitates processing of mature crRNAs from pre-crRNAs derived from...repeat regions contain sequences required for processing pre-crRNA into mature crRNA and tracrRNA binding... Overview of native CRISPR arrays and their processing for cleaving foreign DNA. A) CRISPR arrays as...

... a template, copying the base edit. Figure 2: Cytidine deamination takes place on the free strand...SpCas9 base editors with editing windows as small as 1-2 nucleotides. To reduce off-target effects associated...formation. To further decrease indel formation 1.5-2 fold, the team fused bacteriophage protein Gam to ...repair. Black arrows indicate natural cellular processes. BER = base excision repair. Note: hypoxanthine...

...IFNγ) - and eliminate cancer cells. 2. Equilibrium - In a process analogous to the development of drug... 35. Academic Press, 2015. PubMed PMID: 25818339. 2. Curiel, Tyler J., et al. "Specific recruitment of...system, tumors “learn” how to escape it. In this process, cancer cells develop and thrive within what is...

...extraction protocol for more details.   Figure 2: An uncut plasmid is expected to form 3 bands: nicked...intramolecular DNA recombination. This naturally occurring process is mediated by recombinases like RecA and RecBCD...analysis of in vitro intramolecular recombination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 77:4847–4851...

...peer-mentoring groups at Addgene have gone virtual!   2. Practice public speaking For almost any science career...their resumes have a definite advantage in our process. We see candidates who have done the following ...still be practicing and getting familiar with the process. Bonus points for being able to just look at a ...

...PMID: 30083608. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6070312. 2. Stark, Jessica C., et al. "BioBits™ Bright: A fluorescent...to be incorporated into a host cell (through a process called transformation), essentially giving the ...shelf-stable until water is added and protein production proceeds. FD-CF pellets are easy for students to use in...

... high-priced commercial devices.     Fig. 2: Workflow for open software (left) vs. open hardware...constantly being developed which combine computational processing with biological protocols and revolutionary physical...Software In the field of microscopy, where image processing algorithms for analyzing time-lapse images, quantitatively...data (ILASTIK), or the popular plugin-based image process framework FIJI are just three of the constantly...constant updates of the software. In hardware, this process is often much more involved. Challenges such as...these limitations into account in the development process. Widely used, commercially available tools such... the world that are otherwise cut off from the process.   About the author: Benedict Diederich received...

...types within a sample to expected labeling (Figure 2). The panel of antibodies used in this approach should...the antibody in the same tube.     Figure 2: Schematic showing the use of an orthogonal approach...sample and target type. To start the validation process, one must first confirm that a candidate antibody...approved antibody clones The antibody validation process represents a high level of effort and time, which.... We find it useful to start with a screening procedure in easily genetically modified cell types (top... C. (2023). Scaling of an antibody validation procedure enables quantification of antibody performance...Implementation of an antibody characterization procedure and application to the major ALS/FTD disease gene...