...refreshed figures made using BioRender.com. Figure 1: PRIME editing Please check out the updated guide...update, we have added new sections to share and describe some incredible new CRISPR technologies developed...much-anticipated prime editing section and additions describing CRISPR’s ability to make large genome edits using...transposases or the Cascade-Cas3 system. We also describe newly engineered Cas9s with more flexible requirements...

...Rodríguez et al., 2011).  Genetics of SPARC Figure 1: SPARC and SPARC2 use the GAL4-UAS system along with... several common genetic tools in Drosophila (Fig. 1):  GAL4-UAS, a transcription factor binding site....References: del Valle Rodríguez A, Didiano D, Desplan C (2011) Power tools for gene expression and clonal...

...from distantly related organisms. In 2006, less than 1% of the genes deposited at Addgene were synthetic....synthetic biology is expanding rapidly.  References 1. Kunjapur, Aditya M., Philipp Pfingstag, and Neil ...of 173 known synthetic and natural genes.  In designing and optimizing their algorithm, they found that...

...and take a look at each of its parts. Figure 1: Parts of an AAV transfer plasmid. Parts shown in ..., ubiquitous expression, while the human synapsin 1 promoter is neuronal specific (Haery et al., 2019)...this post, you’ve got the knowledge to be able to design a construct for the successful and specific expression...

...defined as (1) the struggle between two opposing forces or (2) the result of competing desires or (3) the...journey even when they know the ending.    Fig. 1: We all know that the superheroes win in the end. ...

...following three strategies might help!     Figure 1: Species on species staining can be a problem because...same host species as your secondary antibody since 1) your secondary should not recognize Fab fragments...immunocytochemistry (ICC). Not all of the solutions described here may be as effective for other techniques,...

...the journal-specific guidelines.  Peer-review step 1: The first read At the first read of the paper, I ...group of Prof. Mark Tester, where she focuses on (1) salt-induced changes in root-to-shoot ratio in Arabidopsis...of my review - "The manuscript by ZZZ et al., describes ... The authors share a wealth of data on ... ...Additionally, you can ask that data and resources described in the manuscript are accessible to the community...

...blotting, named for its inventor Edward M. Southern (1), can be used to detect DNA identity, size, and abundance...hours at low cost with restriction mapping (Figure 1). Though some labs may prefer to send DNA directly... serotonergic system and behavior.     References 1. Southern, Edwin Mellor. "Detection of specific sequences...the order of nucleotides in a string of DNA (7). Sanger sequencing uses modified nucleotides, called dideoxynucleotides...the widespread use of Sanger sequencing. Building upon this technology, radiolabelled nucleotides were...causes sickle cell anemia. The mutation happens to destroy a sequence recognized by the restriction enzyme...synthesis reaction along with all four regular nucleotides results in the synthesis of DNA strands of all...

... this blog post. I separate sgRNA design tools into database and de novo solutions. Database tools allow...automated rational design. The first of only three such databases, EENdb (published 1 Jan 2013, no longer...community in order to succeed. With respect to de novo sgRNA design, I again separate it into two categories...follow him on Twitter @CMacPhD.          References  1. Ghorbal, Mehdi, et al. "Genome editing in the human...single-target design”, “multi-target design”, “off-target aware”, “high mismatch limit”, “approximate design”, “... “empirical design”, “single-PAM design”, and “multi-PAM design”. Trends: By the end of 2014, tools began...with the post-design process such as primer and plasmid design. Examples:  “multiplex design”, “multi-method...

...native endonuclease activity degrades the displaced strand.   Figure 1: EvolvR consists of an error-prone...mutation rate and extend the editing window of EvolvR: (1) two additional mutations to PolI3M generated PolI5M...diversification of all nucleotides at a user-defined loci in bacteria. Its modular nature provides versatility in...provide a means to continuously diversify all nucleotides within a user-defined genomic region. EvolvR,...method developed by the Dueber Lab at Berkeley, provides a new approach for generating novel genetic variants...users to achieve targeted diversification of all nucleotides within a defined region of a genome. Require...turbidostat. Only mutate particular types of nucleotides. Both the Bassik Lab and the Chang Lab have created...

...sticks out and can be considered a linker (figure 1). In fact, for several FRET biosensors (yellow cameleon...fluorescent protein are relatively close together (figure 1). Where should the fluorescent protein be inserted...fluorescent protein database." Nature methods (2019): 1. PubMed PMID: 30886412. Mastop, Marieke, et al. "A...any DNA sequence in the way that they like, the design and engineering of fusion proteins is relatively...fusion proteins and highlight some aspects of their design.  Protein size and shape matters The green fluorescent...necessary for post-translational modifications. Despite these potential issues, GFP has been used successfully...consist of random amino acid sequences or (ii) designed to form an inert, unstructured peptide and therefore...

...overcomes many of those limitations (Figure 1). Figure 1: Opto-katanin induces fast, localized microtubule...GTPase Signaling Toolbox. ACS Synthetic Biology, 11(1), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.1c00604...optogenetics than neuronal activity. Researchers have designed a variety of photoswitchable elements into many... and limitations – for example, microtubule-destabilizing drugs are impossible to target to specific subcellular...plasmids if you want to make a stable cell line. This design allows highly localized, rapid and reversible microtubule...Rho GTPase activity. A) Schematic of Opto-RhoGEF design and activity. B) OptoTIAM (magenta) expressed in...processes in cells and tissues. And, this Opto-RhoGEF design could be extended to other GTPases. The Chow Lab...

...may find “Chapter 1: What is an Antibody” quite useful. If you’re looking to design your first flow cytometry...eBooks, the Antibodies 101 eBook is designed to be a helpful desktop reference. Each chapter brings together...

...by Jason Nasse.  References 1. Tervo, D. Gowanlock R., et al. "A designer AAV variant permits efficient... There are two methods of neuronal tracing (Fig. 1): one to visualize neurons that send information to...trillion connections (synapses.)  In this post we’ll describe the AAV retrograde serotype (AAVrg) and how it... this can cause challenges for the experimental design as these vectors can exhibit spurious expression...efficiency can have a major impact on experimental design and interpretation of results. Take extra care ...

...oxygen. Additionally, its status as a Biosafety Level 1 microbe makes it a perfect candidate for introductory...Transport, biofilms, and much more. Because of it’s BSL-1 status, E. coli can be used as a model to relate these...with superior performance. Nature Communications, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04899-x Yokoyama...pathological developments (Vieira et al., 2019) Besides their ability to regenerate, the axolotl has several...scientific history, highly characterized genome, and widespread utilization, Arabidopsis has made significant...Arabidopsis genome project marked the beginning of widespread Arabidopsis genetics research development. Arabidopsis...allows for easy cloning of constructs specifically designed for use in Arabidopsis. There are also important...

...distinguish between your two targets.    Figure 1: In the isotype conversion process the variable regions...natural isotype to that of a different group (Fig. 1). This process, called isotope conversion, gives users...In the case above, you can’t costain with your desired antibodies because the pair belong to the same ...

...automated. Unlike gel electrophoresis, you only need 1-2 ul of sample and the run time is just a few minutes...quantified first before larger fragments. Figure 1: The quantification of a RNA ladder using capillary...store your plasmid DNA Learn about the different grades of plasmid DNA preps Resources on Addgene.org ...

...agarose gel. The resulting gel image includes a 1kb ladder (lane 1) that has bands ranging from about 500bp...restriction digests are comprised of 2 separate steps: 1) incubating your DNA with restriction enzymes which...

...speed: base editing before Cas lets go Figure 1: David Liu gives a talk at the Cell Symposia: Gene..., Thuronyi BW, Wilson C, Koblan LW, Zeng J, Bauer DE, Doudna JA, Liu DR (2020) Phage-assisted evolution...

...Hsp70, the heat shock releases heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), which subsequently binds to heat shock elements...induction of a promoter. Below, you’ll find a short description of these three types of inducible promoters, ...yellow flame light-regulated two component systems designed by the Tabor lab. Which inducible promoter is ...