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TypeCollection...ll express your gRNA and Cas9 protein, which will form a ribonucleoprotein complex through interactions...effector, composed of several separate Cas enzymes that form a complex called Cascade (see Cas3 for more details...with Cas3 Rather than initiating DNA cleavage to form a break, Cas3 initiates single-strand DNA degradation...dCas9 Nuclease dead Cas9, an enzymatically inactive form of Cas9; can bind, but cannot cleave DNA DSB D ouble...Cas9 undergoes a second conformational change upon target binding. In this formation, its nuclease domains...detection platform. Based on this non-specific cleavage, a Cas13a-based molecular detection platform, termed...positively-charged grooves on Cas9. gRNA binding induces a conformational change in Cas9, shifting it into an active,...
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Bacterial Expression Systems
TypeCollection...added to this list? Fill out our Suggest a Plasmid form or e-mail [email protected] to help us improve this... -
Tetracycline Inducible Expression
TypeCollection...added to this list? Fill out our Suggest a Plasmid form or e-mail [email protected] to help us improve this... -
CRISPR History and Development for Genome Engineering
TypeCollection...individual crRNAs. (3) The tracrRNA and Cas9 nuclease form a complex with each individual, unique crRNA. (4...multiple plasmids used for various platform applications. For more information on CRISPR, check out Addgene’...work to develop a highly specific, programmable platform well-suited for various biological and translational... -
Genomic Deletions in Mammalian Cell Lines
TypeCollection...function. This is due to the high frequency of indels formed on non-deleted alleles 2 , which are likely to ... CRISPR References & Information Genomic Deletions in Mammalian Cell Lines CRISPR...ligation to occur in one reaction (see step 3.2 ). Transform 10 μl of DH5α E. coli cells with 1 μl of reaction...colonies and inoculate into a mini-prep culture. Perform mini-prep for each sample and sequence each colony...may be scaled based on the required DNA yield. Perform maxi-prep for each CRISPR/Cas9 construct. Transfecting... cell type used at limiting dilution prior to performing this step to reliably obtain approximately 30...genomic DNA isolation may be utilized to be able to perform PCR in step 6.3 . Assemble a 20 μl PCR with the... -
Zhang Lab CRISPR Page
TypeCollection...activate all known coding isoforms form the RefSeq database (23,430 isoforms) for gain-of-function screening...mouse) for performing genome-wide knockout screens. The libraries are available in two formats: 1 vector...et al ., Nature Protocols 2013). For cloning information, please view: Zhang Lab General Cloning Protocol...the Addgene GeCKO Library CRISPR page for more information. Full references are below. Return to top Cas9...screening. For more information, please visit the Addgene SAM library page . Targeted gene activation using...recombinase-2A-EGFP-KASH Detailed backbone cloning information: CRISPR-Cas9 mouse toolbox protocol 637.8 KB ... -
Plasmids for Stem Cell Research
TypeCollection...added to this list? Fill out our Suggest a Plasmid form or e-mail [email protected] to help us improve this...Plasmids . For more information on stem cells, visit the NIH Stem Cell information page. Reprogramming...and then select the article link to find more information. Delivery Method Species Description Article ...and then select the article link to find more information. Convert From Convert To Delivery Method Species... -
Biosensor AAV Preps
TypeCollection...fill out our form to let us know what you would like to see available in viral prep format. Please note... -
Protocol - How to Perform a Diagnostic Digest
TypeProtocol... Size -OR- Insert and Backbone Size The simplest form of diagnostic digest is one in which you just want... individual clones before use of more expensive forms of plasmid verification, such as DNA sequencing ...Protocol for how to perform a diagnostic digest to verify plasmid size, verify insert orientation, and...expected sizes. This is frequently done after performing either PCR - or restriction enzyme -based cloning...sized bands, thus making this simple digest less informative. This is particularly true if you receive a plasmid... -
Fluorescent Protein Guide: Empty Backbones
TypeCollection...added to this list? Fill out our Suggest a Plasmid form or e-mail [email protected] to help us improve this... is mutation is noted when present. For more information on the properties of many of these proteins, ... -
CRISPR Plasmids - Empty gRNA Vectors
TypeCollection...added to this list? Fill out our Suggest a Plasmid form or e-mail [email protected] to help us improve this...also listed here and denoted as such. Want more information on the wide variety of Cas enzymes? CasPEDIA ... -
Protocol - Bacterial Transformation
TypeProtocol...Introduction Transformation is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell. Transformation of bacteria...prepared for optimal transformation efficiencies upon thawing. For the highest transformation efficiency, we...simple procedure and is useful for performing low efficiency transformations. Last Update: Nov. 13, 2017 Protocol...time when carrying out transformations? If you are not concerned with transformation efficiency (such as ... 20-30 mins) I get very few if any transformants when transforming large plasmids (>10 kb) or BACs, what...Learn how to transform E. coli with your plasmid of interest. Protocols... Protocols Bacterial Transformation Bacterial... -
Colony Formation Titering Assay
TypeProtocol... Protocols Colony Formation Titering Assay Colony Formation Titering Assay for Lentivirus ...seeding step. Procedure Before beginning a colony formation assay, the dose of antibiotic required to kill...all of the cells. Use this dose for the colony formation assay. Prepare a batch of DMEM complete containing... -
Protocol - How to Perform Sequence Analysis
TypeProtocol...Best practices for performing sequence analysis of a plasmid... that you wish to confirm. Addgene's plasmid information pages recommend 5’ and 3’ sequencing primers.... on the "View Sequences" link on the Plasmid Information Pages. Addgene sequences the plasmid to verify...Looking at the trace file will give you more information than simply looking at the bases provided by ... -
Save Time and Money by Making Your Own Competent Cells
TypeBlog Post...We perform over 100 transformations each week at Addgene, so we need to be cost and time efficient. We... stored at -80oC until we are ready to perform transformations. A typical 200mL bacterial culture produces...find the subsequent transformation protocols below: Untergasser Lab Transformation of chemically competent... easily transformed without a heat-shock step. Because of the large number of transformations being performed...that transforms well in other competent cells) to ensure that your cells can be readily transformed. Compare...Want even more tips for transforming your cells? Check out our transformation guide. ...a little-known reagent for streamlining the transformation step. Read on to find protocols and tips that... -
Centrifugation
TypeProtocol... up or out of the centrifuge so that the pellets form in approximately the same place in each sample. ...Reagents Sample to be centrifuged Water Background Information Front view of an open tabletop centrifuge with... -
Pooled Library Amplifications
TypeBlog Post...libraries, chemical transformations can also be used. Efficiency for chemical transformations is less than that...for your transformation(s). The amount of competent cells you need total and per transformation may vary... DNA, you will likely need to perform several individual transformations, such as splitting 400 ng of ...the manufacturer’s protocol for transformation and expected transformation efficiency, or more specifically...library First, you’ll need to collect specific information about your library: the size of your library ...with a large backbone might be more difficult to transform. Figure 1: Factors to consider when ... coverage, since this will help decide what transformation efficiency you need to achieve. Most pooled... -
Anatomy of a Plasmid Page at Addgene
TypeBlog Post...research! Sequence information: Depositors may provide full or partial sequence information for their plasmids...successful cloning. Cloning information: This section provides useful information about how the vector was... NEB Stable cells. Resource information: This section contains information about the lineage of the plasmid... bamboozled by all of the different kinds of information on our plasmid pages? Well, to help make the ...through them and make the best use of all the information provided by your colleagues. Top of the plasmid...based off of the plasmid sequence and feature information given by our depositors. Many depositors also... pages, but these are found in the "Resource Information" section of the plasmid page (discussed below... -
Deep Dive: Fixing and Permeabilizing for Immunofluorescence
TypeBlog Post... but it’s really just formaldehyde. Formalin: You may also come across formalin, which refers to a saturated...cause some confusion. Paraformaldehyde: Many IF protocols call for paraformaldehyde (PFA) as the fixative...saturated solution of formaldehyde (saturated being 37%). Formalin solutions often contain methanol as ...order to slow the polymerization of formaldehyde. Note: Formaldehyde in solution will naturally polymerize... maintaining cellular and tissue morphology. Formaldehyde is the most commonly used cross-linker for IF...fixative. PFA is a polymer of formaldehyde that, on its own, is not a fixative. However, when PFA is dissolved...solution and heated, it depolymerizes, producing formaldehyde. Often people will call the resulting solution... -
A Needle in a Base-Stack: Cas9 Structural Biology
TypeBlog Post...bridge helix, purple. Apo Cas9 changes conformation frequently (Osuka et al., 2018), but it’s most...electron microscopy and FRET, can offer more information on these regions. Cas9’s transition from weak...lobes move toward each other into the “closed” conformation shown in Figure 3. Though Cas9 is not a static...binding state, RNA loading stabilizes the closed conformation. Fun Fact! Even though the Cas9:RNA complex...complex is well described in the closed conformation, recent electron microscopy studies have also found Cas9... Cas9:RNA complexes in the open conformation (Cofsky et al., 2022), indicating that there is more to learn...protein can switch between the closed and open conformations to bend the DNA, destabilizing the base pairs...