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TypeBlog Post...function (Wood, et al). In the microbial world, approximately 50% of predicted genes have unidentified roles...endogenous gene. Each trap uses a slightly different approach (described in detail below), but fundamentally...redundant genes – multiple genes which function in overlapping roles can mask the depletion of one another. ...trap systems lack a promoter and thus require the trapping of an endogenous promoter. The system is composed...enhancer traps lack enhancer elements and require the trapping of endogenous enhancers to stimulate the expression...many more! Check out Addgene’s catalog to find trapping tools for your next experiment! References and...
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PCR Applications for Copy Number Variation Assays
TypeBlog Post...options, you’re likely to find an application that matches your needs. Happy quantifying! References and...blog post, we're going to focus on PCR-based applications (qPCR and ddPCR.) qPCR Quantitative/real-time...range of RQ values as noted above. In both applications, results can be affected by DNA quality and ...as positive or negative for each reaction, math happens (this time, Poisson statistics), and the readout... triplicates. ddPCR is an extremely accurate application, even in areas of the genome that are difficult...experiments, a number of factors will determine which approach is right for your experiment. You’ll have to consider...QuantificationPolymerase Chain Reaction Overview and Applications Resources on Addgene.org Protocol: Polymerase... -
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TypeBlog Post -
Plasmids 101: Modular Cloning Applications and Kits
TypeBlog Post...and applications. Plant applications We outlined many synthetic biology MoClo applications, but...for synthetic biology applications in bacteria or cell-free systems. The approach is particularly useful...- and multi-gene constructs for a variety of applications. MoClo tools can be used in bacterial and cell-free...and the kits Addgene offers to kickstart these applications, no matter what your model organism is. MoClo...this blog, we will highlight some common MoClo applications and kits. Keep in mind that this technology ... it, MoClo might help you achieve it! MoClo applications and specialized tools Synthetic biology in bacteria...effectiveness. Perhaps the most intuitive CRISPR MoClo application is to assemble multiple unique sgRNAs into a ... -
Plan Your Experiment
TypeCollection...as an example, but many of these principles also apply to using CRISPR in other organisms. As with most...component for each category. Genetic Manipulation Application Cas Enzyme Additional Considerations Browse Plasmids... Cas enzymes increase specificity Dual-nickase approach increases specificity but is less efficient Each...gene you target will depend on your specific application. Knockout : Target constitutively expressed regions...gRNA, you can design a donor DNA to have the appropriate left and right homology arms. See Addgene's HDR...transient or stable). For plasmid and viral-based approaches, the species and expression pattern of the promoter...cationic lipids, electroporation, or an endosomal approach. Similar to the mRNA method described above, this... -
Antibody Plasmid Collection
TypeCollection...antibodies are produced in-house and undergo application-specific validation and quality control by Addgene...generate due to expense and time. An alternative approach is to use synthetically produced recombinant antibodies...extensively validated for neuroscience research applications from the NeuroMab/Trimmer Lab Recombinant mAb...imaging. Learn more about antibodies and their applications in our Antibody Guide ! Cloning and Expressing...single domain antibodies for the conformational trapping of membrane proteins. Elife. 2018 May 24;7. ... -
An “elegans” Approach to Better CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Efficiency
TypeBlog Post...explore alternate approaches. Being a “lazy” geneticist, I developed a co-selection approach relying on repair...with unprecedented ease. These new C. elegans approaches rapidly enrich for editing events without the...phenotypes (unc-119) (Dickinson et al., 2013). These approaches allowed effective recovery of knock-ins, but ...Including Cre-mediated marker excision, it takes approximately 3-4 weeks to obtain a homozygous, outcrossed...several manuscripts published in Genetics detailed approaches in which selection for an editing event that ...and knock-ins at other genomic loci. The first approach – co-CRISPR from Craig Mello’s lab – used inactivation...animals with particular visible phenotypes. These approaches may become even more powerful following a report... -
Performing In Vivo CRISPR Screens Using the FITS Approach
TypeBlog Post...The Framework for In vivo T cell Screens (FITS) approach (Milling and Markson et al., 2024), developed ...compatible with single gene KO and pooled screening approaches; (4) encodes a Thy1.1 selectable marker to facilitate... et al., 2024. Proof of concept The FITS approach was used to optimize conditions for a screen that... -
A Practical Approach to Choosing the B(right)est Fluorescent Protein
TypeBlog Post...protein for your application. Selecting the best fluorescent protein for a specific application can seem like...under conditions that best mimic the intended application. The three key properties for live cell imaging...theoretical brightness. The theoretical brightness often appears in tables with fluorescent protein properties and...experimental set up. The practical brightness takes all application specific parameters into account, including the... picture of what can be expected in a 'real' application than the theoretical brightness. Consequently...brightness in a system closely mimicking the future application. In figure 2 we provide an example of the comparison... -
Transgenic Organisms, Cas9 Gene Drives, and Appropriate Safeguards
TypeBlog Post...cas9 gene and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) with appropriate flanking homology into a germline cell can create...RNA-guided gene drive. In principle, this event could happen even if there isn't any homology available. Consequently...local biosafety officer should be familiar with appropriate measures. Barriers should be a component of all...eventual release should consider building an appropriate immunizing reversal drive at the same time to...species in question), why not use them whenever applicable?Against this, consider the cost of an accidental...An accidental release could delay real-world applications against scourges such as malaria and dengue .... Disclaimer: Recommendations concerning the appropriate degree of confinement are those of the author... -
Tetracycline Inducible Expression
TypeCollection...tTA-Advanced Takeshi Imai Other Tet Applications Explore some other popular applications of tetracycline systems ... of interest from one plasmid. A single vector approach may not have as much flexibility and control as...for comparison of Tet-On systems in different applications. Use of Tetracycline or a Derivative Doxycycline...vectors for transactivators, and vectors for other applications, or search our collection for all dox-regulated...154939 dCas13d-dsRBD-APEX2 RNA-protein interaction mapping via Cas13-based APEX targeting Alice Ting 85040... -
Fluorescent Protein Guide: Biosensors
TypeCollection...robotic multidimensional directed evolution approach applied to fluorescent voltage reporters. Nat Chem...sensor's behavior in the target system. Use care when applying a biosensor in a novel context or modifying an...indicators based on mRuby (jRCaMP1a, jRCaMP1b) and mApple (jRGECO1a) (Constitutive or Cre-dependent) Sensitive... Red fluorescent protein-based cAMP indicator applicable to optogenetics and in vivo imaging. Sci Rep....NADP+ ratio or NAD+ Semisynthetic biosensors for mapping cellular concentrations of nicotinamide adenine...Reagentless Biosensor for Inorganic Phosphate, Applicable over a Wide Concentration Range. Biochemistry...Positron (Constitutive or Cre-dependent) A general approach to engineer positive-going eFRET voltage indicators... -
Virtual Science Conference Coming Up? Three Addgenies Share Their Experience
TypeBlog Post... the app. Technical difficulties? Attending a conference virtually means getting to know the app or virtual...conferences with multiple sessions happening at once, virtual conferences may have apps or interactive calendars...was able to get in touch with the author. “In the app, you can write a message to the author of the poster...there may be a “place” for networking within the app. For example, the NeuroSymposium had virtual tables... puts butterflies in your stomach, the virtual approach might be less stressful. For both conferences,...Having an on-site conference canceled may be disappointing, but there are many creative ways to adapt and... -
Antibodies
TypeCollection...expressed from plasmids. These antibodies undergo application-specific validation and consistent quality control...and provide experimental data for recommended applications. Addgene values transparency and accessibility...antibodies developed and validated for many research applications. Browse Antibodies Production Interested in ... storage techniques, and explain common applications. View Guide Need Some Help? Browse some of our... -
Luciferase Plasmid Collection
TypeCollection...advantages and disadvantages depending on the application, and different luciferases require different ... course experiments, but is too dim for some applications. NanoLuc® is small (19 kDa), very bright, and... available, making it ideal for a variety of applications. To learn more and plan your experiment, check...luciferases desined de novo using deep-learning approaches. Split Luciferase Complementation assays can ...OgNLuc ) fusions for BRET-based imaging and other applications. And see PalmGRET , a membrane-anchored version... -
E11 Bio PRISM Collection
TypeCollection...for highly focused circuit mapping and reconstruction. Potential applications could also include using ...proofreading, the biggest cost driver for brain circuit mapping and connectomics. Figure 1: Reconstruction of a...components can be used separately for additional applications. Park & Sheridan et al. (2025) use plasmids ... -
Proximity Labeling: A Powerful Tool for Protein Complex Purification and Proteomic Mapping
TypeBlog Post...There are approximately 2-4 million proteins per cubic micron in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells...based affinity purification and mass spectrometry approaches. Recently however, scientists have developed ...miniturbo Split-BioID: A conditional proteomics approach to monitor protein-protein interactions Split-... PMC3308701. Rhee, Hyun-Woo, et al. "Proteomic mapping of mitochondria in living cells via spatially restricted..., et al. "Split-BioID a conditional proteomics approach to monitor the composition of spatiotemporally...proximity-based labeling methods for interactome mapping. F1000Research, 8. ... -
Fluorescent Proteins: FRET
TypeCollection..., pmScarlet3_C1 mT-Sapphire* tdTomato 399 0.6 581 138,000 0.69 6.4 5.9 mT-Sapphire-N1 , tdTomato-N1 CyOFP1...sure to refer to published reports and include appropriate controls to help interpret your results. See ...window) PMID: 31471616 (Link opens in a new window) Kappel, C. Kuschel, L. DeRose, J. (2022). What is FRET... -
Rett Syndrome
TypeCollection...females at an incidence of approximately 1:10,000. It is characterized by apparently normal development through...In females, random X inactivation results in approximately half of cells expressing wild-type MECP2 and...Tools CRISPR technology is a promising therapeutic approach for precise editing of mutations in the MECP2 ... -
Institute for Protein Innovation
TypeCollection...Antibody Description Isotype Reactivity Recommended Applications Integrin Antibodies Integrins are a family of...Antibody Description Isotype Reactivity Recommended Applications Browse Epitope Tag Antibodies IPI has developed...Antibody Description Isotype Reactivity Recommended Applications Browse Antibody Plasmids The following plasmids...