...AAV vectors for trial purposes in serotypes AAV1, 2, 5, 8, 9 and retrograde Retrograde AAV To target projection... tools that effectively transduce many mammalian cell types. AAV is used in a wide range of experiments...Tetracycline Transactivators, Affinity Purification, Cell Ablation Monosynaptic Neuronal Tracing Rabies Virus-Based...

...optogenetic tool is the widely used Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . ChR2 is a ... optical switch tools to measure and manipulate cells and their biomolecular processes. Plasmid...to blue light and allows cations to flow into the cell. Variants of channelrhodopsin have been engineered...improve the expression and membrane targeting in host cells. Other microbial opsins, such as the Halorhodopsins...actively move cations or anions into or out of the cell. When using these opsins as a tool to control neuronal...plasmids that use light to control a protein or cellular activity. For example, search "Cdc42", "transcription...

...(I), or sparse (S) labeling of the cell population. Figure 2: Dense (c), intermediate (d), and sparse...single genetically-defined subset of cells. By labeling fewer cells in a population, it’s easier to visualize...non-overlapping cells. While transgenic animals are commonly used to specifically manipulate a cell type of interest...expressed. In cells where the stop cassette remains, the effector is not expressed and the cells are not labeled...sparse labeling of the cell population that expresses SPARC and the fraction of cells that will be labeled... interest in an organism, all cells of that type are affected. Previous tools to overcome this restraint... of the gene construct. A predictable number of cells will express the effector or retain the stop cassette...

...SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyping, visit the SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Virus collection page. SARS-CoV-2 detection...of SARS-CoV-2 entry and become upregulated during viral infection.  Expression of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins...pseudotyping The SARS-CoV-2 virus depends on its spike protein to bind ACE2, the host cellular receptor. To more...point for SARS-CoV-2 researchers to investigate how the virus interacts with human cells. Addgene’s mammalian...genes are important for SARS-CoV-2 entry into human lung epithelial cells (Biering et al., 2021). In their...Wesemann DR (2021) Memory B cell repertoire for recognition of evolving SARS-CoV-2 spike bioRxiv. https://...labs in over 75 countries. Figure 1: SARS-CoV-2 proteins and other components. Image from Maya Kostman...

...Everyone. Case study 1: Cell lines Many of the reagents used to investigate SARS-CoV-2 were developed for ...different organisms to SARS-CoV-2 (Chu et al., 2020). An additional cell line used in this study came from...tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with implications for...fast access to the tools required to study SARS-CoV-2, but with many academic research labs closed during...biobanks, are crucial for the advancement of SARS-CoV-2 research because they provide rapid access to validated...that science is truly a global endeavor. Case study 2: Plasmids Another example of reagents that have broad...applications but have proven useful to the study of SARS-CoV-2 are the lentiviral production and packaging vectors...

...Cre-ERT2 CAG Mammalian Heller 112622 pVHC_PGKneoLox2DTA.2 Venus, Cre-ERT2, targeting vector with MCS for homology...homology arms Mammalian Heller 112623 pEHC_PGKneoLox2DTA.2 Emerald, Cre-ERT2, targeting vector with MCS for homology... arms Mammalian Heller 112624 pmTHC_PGKneoLox2DTA.2 TFP, Cre-ERT2, targeting vector with MCS for homology...arms Mammalian Heller 112625 ptdTHC_PGKneoLox2DTA.2 tdTomato, Cre-ERT2, targeting vector with MCS for ...25;1504(4):467-86. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90375-2. PubMed . Ventura A, Meissner A, Jaenisch R, Jacks...allowing for direct comparison of Cre+ and Cre- cells. While Cre-lox recombination is a very useful tool...promoter like CAG, or expressed only in a subset of cells under a more specific promoter (e.g. Rho-Cre is ...

...Cas enzymes? CasPEDIA is an encyclopedia of Class 2 CRISPR systems with wiki entries describing enzyme...is highly recommended that you determine if your cell type contains the target sequence before using any...

...are largely underutilized compared to their Class 2 counterparts like Cas9. This is attributed in part...bound to DNA, and the break can be repaired by the cell’s endogenous repair mechanisms. Cas3 belongs to the...

....9 (parental) 46 +/- 0.7% AAV.PHP.S 82 +/- 2% Table 2: Transduction efficiency of AAV.9 versus AAV.PHP.S...figure 2) to allow for efficient IV delivery of virus to the CNS or PNS (figure32, tables 1 & 2). These...that cells are labeled with their own unique color; and 2) low levels of labeling so that a cell’s projections...in tables 1 and 2, with a cell-type specific promoter or enhancer now allows for cell-type-restricted ... overall (GFP+ cells that also stained for a neuronal marker). Check out tables 1 and 2 below for a summary...high dose to maximize the number of cells that are labeled. Part 2: An AAV expressing the inducer (i.e...require the generation of a transgenic mouse. 2. Cell-type-specific restricted transgene expression in...

...chromosomal integration of DNA. ACS Synthetic Biology, 2(9), 537–541. DOI: 10.1021/sb400021j Figure 1: Multiplexing... CRISPR plasmids. Each point represents a single cell, and each color represents the population obtained...