...experimental design considerations used in all behavioral studies. General considerations for behavioral ...behavioral testing As a general consideration for behavioral testing in a laboratory, a high level of experimental...It is a very old branch of science, dating back several hundred years, with historical ties to psychology...given some time to adapt to a testing apparatus. General stress levels of the test animal may also be reduced...handling for a few minutes by the experimenter several days preceding the experiment. Handling can however...mouse breeding colony) Environment Olfaction, temperature, humidity, noise level, circadian effects (inactive...inactive versus active phase) Experimenter Interaction should be minimal and strictly controlled; optional...

...candidate genes! Disease model generation CRISPR has made the generation of genome edits accessible, fast...select and generate physiologically relevant models. In complex diseases, it can aid in generation of multiple...respond to an existing therapy. In theory, CRISPR could even be used to generate patient mutations and ...cancer and identified several candidate inhibitors of gene X in a screen. You generate a gene X knockout ...design. Alternatively, a disease model can be generated, and drugs screened for a change in pathology....identification of potential targets by CRISPR can accelerate the drug pipeline. High-throughput CRISPR screens..., gene knock out, etc. – CRISPR can be used to generate cell line or animal models which have the precise...

...employees at Dimension Therapeutics, she helped build and grow the gene therapy division of the company...journal Molecular Therapy. Vandenberge is also the Grousbeck Family Chair in Gene Therapy, Director of the...Khandan Baradaran’s expertise in viral safety, gene therapy vector development, vaccine development, and assay...Addgene. She was Head of Quality at Dimension Therapeutics, which was acquired by Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical...Baradaran met Addgene Executive Director Joanne Kamens several years ago through the Healthcare Businesswomen’...Stegmeier is the Chief Scientific Officer at KSQ Therapeutics and is an Addgene depositor. KSQ uses a CRISPR-Cas9...the first lentiviral microRNA-based system for polymerase II-regulated RNA interference. In the first two...

...and anterograde transport suggest that there are several parallel mechanisms in place (for review see Maday...retrograde tracing, albumin protein labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP; Kristensson and Olsson, 1971... Virus (RABV) which moves retrogradely from a peripheral site of infection to the central nervous system...it can replicate and by doing so spread across several synaptic connections (Ugolini et al., 1989). When...Lo & Anderson, 2011). In the past two decades, several virus species have been modified and used as tools... the viral proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3. To date several hundred variants, or serotypes, have been found...et al., 2008; Watakabe et al., 2015). There are several reports of both retrograde and anterograde intracellular...

...Monoclonal antibody drugs are popular therapeutics for a plethora of disease conditions, from cancer ... they elicit an immune response from the body. Several factors contribute to the immunogenicity of a drug...response. T cell epitopes are found in either the therapeutic antibody itself or as impurities in the formulation... algorithm to evaluate the immunogenicity of therapeutics in silico. These algorithms are trained on vast...score (Mattei et.al., 2022).    Figure 1: Generation of immunogenicity scores by predictive algorithms...algorithms fail to capture. In vitro evaluation of ‌therapeutic immunogenicity is typically performed using traditional...traditional 2D assays with immune cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 3D models of...

...Advances in CRISPR/Cas-based Gene Therapy in Human Genetic Diseases.” Theranostics. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno...possibility to treat human genetic diseases, and several treatments are currently being tested in clinical...discovery/development of genetic targets and RNA therapies. [6]. In 2014, we wrote a blog post on CRISPR’...researchers are now using it to investigate potential therapeutics for complex genetic diseases. So we’re revisiting... showed that CRISPR/Cas9 could be used to edit several autosomal-dominant mutations that have been connected...s team noted that CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to generate mutations in a wide range of organisms, but its...stem cells in organoid cultures are stable,” said Gerald Schwank, first author of the cystic fibrosis report...

...basic immunology, cancer-immune cell interactions, cancer immunotherapy, as well as new approaches to reprogramming...tumor-associated inflammation for therapeutic benefit ”as stated by the organizers. My overall impression from this... discussed the effects of starvation on cancer therapy. Findings in previous animal studies suggested ...immunosuppressive reaction in order to improve therapeutic outcomes.  If you are studying inflammation and...visualization techniques it is possible to follow the interactions between tumor and immune cells in real time.... UCSF showed some impressive videos of these interactions (Ref 3). You can find useful tips on in vivo...to help rid us of cancer in combination with chemotherapy. To dive deeper into this field read our recent...

...The key is T4 DNA polymerase, which has 3′→5′ exonuclease activity. T4’s polymerase activity can be thwarted...For one thing, those 5′ overhangs can be generated in several ways. One option, imprecise T4 digestion...the target vector. 5′ overhangs can be generated by T4 polymerase (left branch); by annealing two separate...work directly on PCR products, with 5′ overhangs generated either by annealing a mixture of products or from...concentrations of insert to succeed. 5′ overhangs are generated in the linearized vector by T4 digestion; then...adjacent fragment or vector. 5′ overhangs are generated on all the fragments and the vector, specifying... this limitation, one option is to perform a hierarchical assembly, assembling fragments in multiple steps...

..., such as chemotherapy treatment or ionizing radiation, can also result in dsRNA generation. While these... Here, we will cover how these structures are generated, why it’s important for cells to sense their formation...these viruses have one thing in common – they can generate dsRNA as part of their infection and/or replication...inherently double stranded, while ssRNA viruses can generate dsRNA intermediates as part of the viral replication...mRNA. These RNA tools have been used in clinical therapy to target pathogenic proteins, as well as in the...as long/short interspersed nuclear elements can generate dsRNA by bidirectional transcription or as inverted...is synthesized from a DNA template, inherently generating RNA:DNA intermediates in the process. These transcription-coupled...

...complementary site in the genome where it will proceed to generate a blunt DNA double strand break. Cas9 has been...Cas12’s primary difference from Cas9 is that it generates staggered breaks, also known as sticky ends. Cas12a...targeting experiments requiring single strand DNA generation, such as homology directed-repair. Cas12a is ...outlined below as well. Cas12a also has significant therapeutic promise due to the fact that it is smaller than...simplicity of Cas12a makes it easier to package for therapeutic delivery by AAV, which has strict capacity limitations...sequences of Cas12a to further optimize it for therapeutic and laboratory usage. Fast facts – PAM requirement...TTTN. Best for: homology-directed repair or therapeutic delivery.   Cas14 – Mini, but single strand ...