...and open a new conversation about GMOs.  Challenge #2: Technical obstacles to plant synthetic biology In...understand, and the complicated and unique metabolic processes of plants are being investigated on limited funding... developmental, metabolic, and photosynthetic processes. Often the tools developed for plant molecular...

..., but at a lower efficiency (~20%). Figure 2: Schematic of multicomponent assembly with SLIC. Multiple...polymerize, allowing the slower exonuclease activity to proceed. By including only one type of dNTP in the reaction... can decide exactly how far the T4 exonuclease proceeds: at the first occurrence of the chosen nucleotide...: Schematic of SLIC. To start the SLIC cloning process, a gene of interest is PCR amplified to add 5′ ...

...PMID: 20543841. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2920597. 2. Nathans, Daniel. "Puromycin inhibition of protein...effect of protein synthesis and degradation. These processes control the abundance of proteins in cells. Homeostatic...incorporation of puromycin into peptide chains." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 51.4 (1964...puromycin of amino acid incorporation into protein." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 45.12 (1959...

..., N. and Hamilton, D. 1981. PubMed PMID: 6276558. 2. Site-specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells...the two strands are ligated, resulting in the reciprocal crossover event. This event can have three general...the stop codon is excised, and gene expression proceeds. One popular lox-stop-lox plasmid is from Tyler... remove the marker after the initial selection process. By floxing the selection marker, Cre can be used...

...company culture.  It’s also a good idea to prepare 1-2 unique questions for each interviewer by looking at...deliverables of your work, such as improving a process or procedure, solving a problem, or making a key decision... industry position is the on-site interviewing process. For both of my academic jobs, I interviewed with...different lab groups without having a formal interview process. Industry interviews, however, were more structured...lasted from half to all of the day.  This whole process may seem foreign and a little overwhelming, but...

...structure-based framework engineering. Methods, 34(2), 184–199. PubMed PMID: 15312672. Inbar, D., Hochman...variable portions of heavy and light chains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United...

...delivering an AAV construct expressing channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), a blue light sensitive cation channel, fused...bells and whistles. The fibers are made from a process called thermal drawing, essentially where blocks...

...incorporation of biosensors, protein evolution lineages, 2-photon spectra, more elaborate spectrum analysis tools...ways, and the advanced search page simplifies the process of building advanced multi-parametric search queries...

...created for the Brunello library is shown in Figure 2. You can use a small PCR product because the plasmids...talk about the amplification and verification processes we use to ensure high-quality library distribution...

... remember that a resume is typically no more than 2 pages long. Write your resume for the job posting ...familiar with the publishing or patent application processes? How about facilitating a collaboration between...

...establishing the dynamic range of your FRET assay (Figure 2). These labeling methods are freely interchangeable...PMID: 20161833. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2802762. 2. Dumas, Anaëlle, et al. "Designing logical codon reassignment–Expanding...Ca2+ measurements using improved cameleons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96.5 (1999...

...about colony PCR in this blog post.   Figure 2: The steps of colony PCR.   Sanger sequencing Sanger...analyze plasmids, which can help you visualize this process, or visit our restriction analysis blog post. ...now use next-generation sequencing during our QC process. This way, we can confirm the sequence of the entire...

...this year. Designing the donor plasmid Figure 2: Donor plasmid design strategy. A donor plasmid contains...cell’s inherent homology directed repair (HDR) process following the double strand break CRISPR/Cas9 makes...stem cell will seek out a template for the repair process. By flooding the cell with a plasmid containing...cell imaging to study cellular structures and processes and can lead to the better understanding of cell...

... to remove this default setting. Timesaving Tip #2: blastx searches are inherently slower than blastn...results we analyze as part of our quality control process has steadily grown. On a busy week, we may need...than 200 plasmids as part of our quality control process. Consequently our team has refined our use of the...might also enjoy seeing how our quality control process has changed with the introduction of next generation... reference/database sequence is ≥ 95%. [Our QC process would be trouble-free and much faster if 95% of...

... enrich the microvesicles containing AAVs (Figure 2). Since the development of the exo-AAV isolation protocol...cells and purification protocols often describe a process that begins with cell lysis to release AAV particles...

...perceived climate change risks. Nature Climate Change, 2(10), 732-735. doi:10.1038/nclimate1547 Kunda, Z. (...polarized beliefs on controversial science topics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United...

...responsible for that differentiation.   Fig. 2: Single cell RNA-seq clustering of cells transduced...combinatorial overexpression programs on cellular processes. For help with library transformation and amplification...

...retroviral library was used to transduce T helper type 2 (Th2) cells from mice that constitutively express ...interrogation of the genes required for cellular processes. For a successful screen, it is necessary to identify...

...understand the processes that happen inside the cell,” says Pedre Pérez. Figure 2: Micrographs ...from our extremities. “Here, painful stimuli are processed by a network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons...

...beginning Let’s take a quick flash back to 2004. “Shrek 2” was the most popular movie in theaters, the Razr ...meant facilitating the Material Transfer Agreement process, which was a major barrier for depositors and requestors... requestors alike. We transformed this process by aligning institutions with standardized agreements and...