....” Subscribers to Scientific America would be considered the interested public and it would be safe to...scientific or science communication. A Tweet is still considered scientific communication if the language is aimed...  For example, while “PCR test” has recently transitioned from jargon to non-jargon in the context of ...of disease testing, it can still be considered jargon in most other uses. Many laypeople would use “PCR...Instead, it targets a specific audience - giving consistency, purpose, structure, and intent to the messaging...your audience, and their expectations of you, consistent and clear.   And now that we’re all on the same...

...aborted fetus. HEKs have an unusual ploidy and are considered hypotriploid: most chromosomes are represented...though derivatives have been adapted for growth in suspension. Of the many derivatives of HEK-293, the most...many immature neuron-like qualities, which is inconsistent with kidney cells (Shaw et al.). Since then,...systems, such as yeast. HEKs can also grow in suspension, which allows for large scalability, and can ...cells may be particularly useful due to their intrinsic properties. HEK-293 cells are tumorigenic, ...widely available, which can make for a seamless transition of biological tools to other researchers using...

...describe the discovery of a light-sensitive opsin from algae that is sensitive to red light instead of blue...The problem is that all of these molecules are sensitive to blue light. Many have tried to make green molecules...blue light molecule much, much, much more light-sensitive. Then you can use dim blue light and red light... tools in a deep part of the brain, making it sensitive to light. When they illuminated this region, the...for the first time? Boyden: There are always considerations for each species. This could be a three or ...

...Transferred DNA once inside the infected bacterium can either exist as transient extrachromosomal DNA,...inject their genetic material into the cell. Once inside, phages can follow one of two different life cycles...Lentiviral and AAV can be used to create both transient cell lines, where a gene of interest is expressed...Bacterial conjugation Conjugation was the first extensively studied method of gene transfer and was discovered...the other hand uses electrical pulses to create transient pores in the cell membrane that genetic material...

...molecular switches in signal transduction pathways and consist of a trimer of three subunits: alpha (Gα), beta...function as one unit: Gβγ. In general, GPCRs show a propensity to associate with certain subtypes, although ...ligand-bound GPCRs of interest. The TRUPATH plasmid kit consists of 20 plasmids encoding 14 alpha, 2 beta, and ... internalization of two different receptors- angiotensin II type 1 receptor and the β2 adrenoceptor. ...ideal for chemogenetics as they are relatively insensitive to their endogenous ligand, acetylcholine, and...Pascolutti R, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Kruse AC (2017) Multidimensional Tracking of GPCR Signaling via Peroxidase-...

...order to gain a competitive advantage this cycle, consider the advice below:  1. Eligibility check Scrutinize...and grades that serve as automated filters of consideration. If you are worried about any eligibility provision...which is the perfect opportunity to paint a comprehensive picture of your academic interests, potential... day of the interview, dress the part, and be consistent with your personal statement, while you make ...your close peers to come along for the ride, and consider applying to several opportunities. In an age of...success. Every student should use these guidelines consistently across a number of years as you apply for internships...

...and tension all have specific sensors designed for them. For example, this class includes tension monitors..., which will turn on, change color, or change intensity of fluorescence in the presence of calcium. This...specific proteins of interest such as actinin. When tension is high vs. low in the cell the donor and acceptor...changes to the structure of actinin in low vs. high tension. These systems are powerful tools to measure real-time...reproducible when used as stable systems, rather than transiently overexpressing at the time of use. Another great...

...Brightness Brightness refers to the fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent molecule. A higher brightness...sample. Practical brightness A protein with a high intrinsic brightness that does not fold well or cannot be...brightness and is of no use. Therefore, it is more sensible to compare fluorescent proteins based on their...wavelength, available emission filters, and detector sensitivity) and the biological system (temperature, prokaryote...brightness When a dish of mammalian cells is transiently transfected with a plasmid containing a fluorescent... there is huge variation in the fluorescence intensities of individual mammalian cells within the dish...

...” has me considering the microbiome more often than not). If you’re someone who’s considering getting ...definitely enjoyed the lab!) and would therefore consider myself a neuroscience novice (newb). In this post...’ve developed in your current work to make new insights in neuroscience. Even if you're currently a synthetic...altered function or maybe your favorite FRET-based biosensing technique can be applied to an important neuronal...experiments and to find tools that will make your transition into the field much easier! If there’s a plasmid...

...approaches can be found. As an example, say you are considering either a cellular screen or a selection. A selection...specific to your scientific question. Things to consider when selecting an assay system include: How specific...specific is it? Is it high throughput? Will it be sensitive enough? No one wants to spend time screening hits...t yield any hits. Make sure you plan ahead and consider these questions to save yourself a headache later...scene, there are other options which are worth considering. RNAi screens are similar to CRISPR, but instead...method, popularized in yeast, are temperature sensitive screens. These involve raising or lowering the...

...with Addgene’s expansion into plant synthetic biology. There are already two comprehensive plant cloning... of the technology to the public in an open, responsible manner. At Revolution Bio, we are addressing ... circadian rhythm in petunias. Because of the extensive research that has come before us, it’s possible...change color. Without this basic research – this comprehensive understanding of the genetic pieces underpinning... intellectual property concerns – patents and licensing agreements. Developing a product without the use...

...school and turn it into a biotech company. Transitioning an idea from academia to a startup Mike Koeris... biotech startup, Mike explained, his career transitioned away from the bench and became all about finding...failure at all stages in the startup". To gain insight into "the random-walk" of a budding startup, I ...company won’t go anywhere. The team should initially consist of 2-3 individuals that are aligned in vision and...company may begin to prove the technology. This transition takes around 1 – 2 years. The product is the...into it.” Have any other helpful tips to help transition a project from academia to a biotech startup ...

...budding. Yeast Centromere plasmids (YCp): These are considered low copy vectors and incorporate part of an ARS...are most similar to bacterial plasmids and are considered “high copy”. A fragment from the 2 micron circle...spontaneously occuring resistant mutants and the insensitivity of yeast strains to some antibiotics. Auxotrophy...uses for said element. This link provides a more extensive list of yeast auxotrophic markers and includes...auxotrophic selection in E. coli? Additional considerations HIS3 L-hisitidine no S. cerevisiae  no yes...ade6+ purine (adenine)   S. pombe  no no   Considerations when using auxotrophic selection Of course,...

...interested in following? Someone you admire for their insight and way of expressing it in meetings? The more ...help you learn the local “ropes” and become an insider faster A mentor that works elsewhere is able to... If your organization has a mentoring program, consider tapping into it and helping make it work by being... coaches who charge for their advice and time. Consider this option but be cautious and make sure to choose... to be your mentor, it may sound like a big responsibility or commitment. Start by asking them to have...questions and topics to discuss. The mentee is responsible for leading the discussion and for being “coachable...

...recurrence, and treatment of cancer have been extensively explored. Biologists have attempted to study ...and dynamic phenomenon that is interestingly responsible for tumor reduction as well as progression. Dunn...is a region of incessant chemical activity, and consists of other cell types, especially immune cells and...relapse. Chemical and radiation therapies cause a transient shutdown of the immune system, hampering its ability...have been made to use whole cell therapeutics consisting of various types of immune cells. Dendritic cells...exhibit cytotoxic activity. CAR-T cells have consistently shown promise in reducing leukemia and lymphoma...impacted by the trial. During clinical trials, expansion of participants based on early results can enhance...

...thin plane within a relatively thicker three dimensional sample (see Figure 1); similar to an MRI or CT...rapid photobleaching and a reduction in signal intensity. 2-Photon microscopes restrict excitation (and...focal point of the objective can a a high enough density of red-photons be establish for this to happen....field of the objective (the distance in the axial dimension that will appear in focus). This means that the... then collected and projected back to a fast, sensitive detector such as a scientific CMOS camera. If ...Reversible Saturable Optical Linear Fluorescence Transitions (RESOLFT/STED) also excel on these types of samples...a host of tools and opened doors to many great insights, it can be overwhelming to a novice microscopist...

...in vivo, they have higher reproducibility and consistency in the final product. Because the constant (non-epitope...binding) region is the first thing to go when downsizing an affinity reagent, most of the alternative ...its thorns and every affinity reagent has its downsides. These reduced-in-size options often have reduced... as ankyrin repeat proteins. DARPins typically consist of 3-4 repeats, have high specificity and binding...it? This post isn’t meant to convert anyone to downsize their affinity reagents, trendy as that may sound...Grumezescu, A. M. (2018). Drug targeting and stimuli sensitive drug delivery systems. Elsevier Science & Technology...

...LoxP vector.   Turn it off for a little while Transient suppression of expression is faster and easier...molecules that degrade target mRNA transcripts. When transiently introduced, they can deplete endogenous protein...instead of introducing a DNA double strand break. Transient introduction of CRISPRi or inducible expression...expression. Addgene has a dCas9 KRAB plasmid for transient knockouts!  Turn it on Turn it on forever Permanently...activator and repressor mechanisms Want to transiently induce expression? Check out Addgene's Lentiviral...site-specifically knocked in. This can be labor intensive and time consuming. If your native protein doesn...

...experimental design considerations used in all behavioral studies. General considerations for behavioral ...behavioral testing As a general consideration for behavioral testing in a laboratory, a high level of experimental...increase stress levels and affect behavior. A fact to consider: Rodents can hear ultrasonic frequencies (> 20...targeted to a specific area. Some other technical considerations for stereotaxic injections are: Vector titer...brain areas, repeated staggered injections may be considered. Timing: High expression levels of the viral ...

...isotype choice. Target and application should be considered The first question you may have is whether a ...monoclonal primary antibody (A). To boost signal, consider using subclass specific secondary antibodies instead...immunoprecipitations. Your sample species should also be considered when choosing an antibody. In some applications...options are available to you, it may be worth considering an antibody raised in a different species.    ...      Table 1: Isotype considerations when choosing antibodies   Complexity is a key factor...with a distinctly conjugated secondary antibody. Consider too that some secondary antibodies can cross react...