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We narrowed to 461 results for: MEA;

Showing: 1 - 20 of 461 results

  1. Fluorescent Biosensors for Measuring Autophagic Flux

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Jan. 22, 2019, 2:41 p.m.
    ...because it turns a dynamic process into a static measurement and it provides limited information about what...fluorescent autophagy reporters now allows for the measurement of autophagic flux, or the changes in autophagic...strength excited at 586 nm to 440 nm serves as a measure of autophagy induction: when Keima is in the cytosol...is high. When untargeted, Keima can be used to measure bulk autophagy, but the addition of a mitochondria-targeting...3B, or LC3. LC3 is a commonly used marker for measuring autophagic flux. mRFP-GFP-LC3 functions as an ...18094608. Sargsyan, A., et al. "Rapid parallel measurements of macroautophagy and mitophagy in mammalian...Saori R., and Noboru Mizushima. "Monitoring and measuring autophagy." International journal of molecular...

  2. Deep Dive: Fixing and Permeabilizing for Immunofluorescence

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 30, 2022, 1:15 p.m.
    ...organic solvents’ impact on lipids means that they are able to permeabilize your sample while fixing it, which...Examples of different permeabilization strategies and when to use them. A) Not permeabilizing is suitable for... first couple of steps - mainly, fixing and permeabilizing. Fixation What is the point?  Fixation allows...the protein. Created with BioRender.   Permeabilization What is the point?  Antibodies are large proteins...they are not able to diffuse across natively. Permeabilization essentially punches holes in the cell membranes...In fact, you may get cleaner results by not permeabilizing as you’ll prevent binding to any target protein...of the cell. However, assuming you do need to permeabilize, you have a few options for what reagents to...

  3. AAV Titers: Where Do They Come From And What Do They Mean?

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Nov. 15, 2017, 3 p.m.
    ...viral vector solution, and generally these methods measure different characteristics of the solution. These... containing viral genomes. Physical titers are measured by quantifying the concentration of viral genomes... it is important to understand what these values mean and how they can be compared.   Figure 2:...circled in red) report physical titer, which is measured by qPCR.   Physical titer is typically calculated...repeating the exact same PCR twice can give titer measurements that vary up to two-fold. How can we get more...Taylor et al., 2017). What do Addgene AAV titers mean for your experiments? Because (physical) AAV titers...

  4. What’s in Your Tube?: A Quick Guide to Measuring DNA by Spectrophotometry

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    July 1, 2025, 1:15 p.m.
    ...Microvolume spectrophotometers make it quick and easy to measure sample concentration and purity using only a tiny... take a moment to review what exactly you are measuring and how to interpret your results.  Quick note...vary.  How it works — briefly Spectrophotometers measure how light travels through a sample — in this case...to those of pure DNA (Figure 1D). This property means that even samples with quite high levels of phenol...they can impair your ability to get an accurate measure of DNA concentration. This is especially problematic... Take multiple readings to average out noisy measurements. Be cautious when interpreting purity ratios...buffer you use will also affect how accurate your measurements are. While water is commonly used for elution...

  5. Measuring Kinase Activity at the Single-Cell Level with Kinase Translocation Reporters (KTRs)

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    July 26, 2018, 12:46 p.m.
    ...important for regulating signal transduction and measuring kinase activity at the single-cell level can aid...whose cellular localization serves as a proxy measurement of kinase activity. The key advantage of KTRs...Advantages of KTRs When compared to FRET reporters for measuring kinase activity, KTRs have two key advantages....nucleus, while FRET-based reporters can be used to measure kinase activity in specific subcellular compartments... Regot, S., & Covert, M.W. (2018). Live-cell measurements of kinase activity in single cells using translocation...

  6. Tips for Using FRET in Your Experiments

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Nov. 5, 2014, 3:41 p.m.
    ...acceptor fluorophore can be measured using microscopy techniques. FRET measurement sensitivity makes it suitable...and is the most rigorous method for measuring FRET. FLIM measures the fluorescence decay time of the donor...one of the first techniques which enabled the measurement of single molecule interactions in living cells...molecular interactions were detected by indirect means often using probes with the potential to target ...donor) to another fluorophore (the acceptor) by means of intermolecular long-range dipole-dipole coupling...living cells. Since then FRET has also been used to measure conformational changes, cleavage activity using...is still one of the best and most used pairs to measure FRET. The table below lists plasmids that can be...

  7. Great Results Start with Great Standard Curves

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 15, 2024, 1:15 p.m.
    ...standard deviation of each replicate measurement divided by the mean of all the replicates multiplied by...allergy labs use standard curves with ELISAs to measure allergen concentrations in food; and your friend...dilute a control sample of known concentration and measure a specific response as a function of the concentration...the BCA reagent. The absorbance of both is then measured on a spectrophotometer and concentration versus...free of any contaminants that could affect the measurements. You'll need to prepare the standard, standard...curve? To create a standard curve, you graph the measured response of the serially diluted standard as a...concentration of the unknown sample based on its measured response. An example of this is shown in Figure...

  8. Choosing the B(right)est Fluorescent Protein: Photostability

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    June 8, 2017, 2:30 p.m.
    ...photostability of different fluorescent proteins? Measuring photostability Since it is clear that a photostable...photostability, an experiment is performed that measures fluorescence intensity over time. In order to ...with low excitation power. By repeating these measurements for different fluorescent proteins and by comparing...directly compared. An example of a photostability measurement of various cyan fluorescent proteins is depicted...protein distribution. Therefore, photostability measurements can be performed with soluble fluorescent proteins.... It should be noted that the photostability measurements reported in the literature are performed in ... the experimental designs used to make these measurements and hope this information can help guide your...

  9. Antibodies 101: Flow Cytometry

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    July 20, 2021, 1:15 p.m.
    ...  Intracellular protein targets, measured by fixing and permeabilizing membranes For intracellular protein...It does not, however, permeabilize cells and requires subsequent permeabilization with detergents such ...Have you ever wanted to measure expression of your protein of interest in a single cell? Or perhaps, ...is used for a variety of applications such as measuring target protein expression levels, assessing post-translational...flow cytometers detect Cell size and complexity, measured using visible light scatter The optical system...membranes produces a greater SSC.  Protein expression, measured using fluorescent protein fusions In addition ...uses 2 or 3 different fluorescent colors each measuring a different target. Flow cytometers however are...

  10. Tips for Titering Your Lentiviral Preps

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    March 15, 2016, 2:30 p.m.
    ...physical titer are direct p24 measurements via ELISA and qPCR for viral RNA. Measuring p24 levels in a viral ...particles. Direct measurement of lentiviral RNA is one alternative to direct p24 measurement. Like a p24 ELISA... as it only measures infectious viral particles. One of the si mplest methods of measuring functional ...flavors, physical or functional. Physical titers measure the amount of viral particles in a sample and are...acid. Functional titers, or infectious titers, measure how many of the viral particles produced can actually...drawback of this method, however, is that a p24 ELISA measures all p24 in the sample regardless of whether or...considered. Similar to the p24 assay, titering via measurement of viral RNA can overestimate the amount of infectious...

  11. Special Delivery: Fluorophore Targeting for FRET Studies

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    July 19, 2016, 2:30 p.m.
    ...donor/acceptor fluorophores (Stryer, 1978), a measurement that is unaffected by intervening proteins, lipid...HTRF and LanthaScreen) (Degorce et al., 2009), measuring intracellular calcium (Miyawaki, Griesbeck, Heim...blog has an excellent primer on FRET and how to measure it). Molecular mailbox: How to get your fluorophore... on the same street as the donor), then FRET measurements are possible. In fact, even if the majority ...properly targeted donor/acceptor pairs, then any measureable FRET will be swamped out by a sea of uncoupled...cell surface receptors) or with experiments on permeabilized cells. Biarsenical labeling reagents If you ...compounds cross cell membranes, thus enabling FRET measurements in intact cells. The Gradia Lab has deposited...

  12. Viral Vectors 101: Calcium Sensors

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 10, 2023, 1 p.m.
    ... ensure you are measuring the events-of-interest. Sensors suitable for ER measurements include: CEPIA ... requiring only a simple measurement. However, single wavelength measurements are more susceptible to ...subtype) and specific subcellular compartments for measurements. All of the sensors discussed below fall into...size doesn’t fit all, but never fear! That just means there is a great fit out there waiting for you. ...slower). GCaMPf may be suitable for very rapid measurements, like action potentials in neurons. jGCaMP7 ...additional versions are available to simultaneously measure calcium changes in the ER, cytosol and mitochondria...you combining your calcium reading with other measurements, specifically fluorescent ones? Many of the ...

  13. Fluorescent Proteins 101: Introduction to FRET

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    June 27, 2017, 1:03 p.m.
    ...proteins are within 10 nanometers of each other, or measure the tension in the helical structure of spider ...in a synapse. What kinds of tools enable us to measure these properties, and what fascinating experiments...dipole-dipole interaction. The efficiency of FRET can be measured for a given donor-acceptor pair and a change in...fluorophores and serves as a small-scale ruler to measure distances that are too miniscule for conventional...improved dynamic range for fluorescence lifetime measurements." PloS one 10.8 (2015): e0134436. PubMed PMID... for studying protein-protein interactions by measuring the change in FRET efficiency, from which conclusions...proteins can contribute additional noise to the measurement. If the distance or orientation of the donor ...

  14. Deep Dive: Statistical Tests (Comparisons)

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    March 7, 2023, 2:15 p.m.
    ...assess if the mean of an experimental group is significantly greater or lesser than the mean of a control... other variables (effect). Central tendency – mean, median, and mode give you a summary snapshot without...outliers or data spread within those data sets. Measures of dispersion – standard deviation/error, variance...more in another blog. T-tests T-tests compare the mean of two groups to determine if they are statistically...in a certain direction (i.e., you just want to measure if a sample is greater than a control), then a ... (the test assesses the difference of the group means). Unpaired t-tests can also be referred to as two-sample...if there are significant differences between the means of your groups. However, it will only tell you if...

  15. Flow Cytometry Readouts: Yes, No, and Everything in Between

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 20, 2024, 1:15 p.m.
    ...quantify smeary plots For smeary expressions, you can quantify shifts in signal using the mean fluorescence...where the two populations diverge. The smear plot! The dreaded smear - fear not! When you are looking to ...Figure 2: (A) a smeary dot plot showing a range of antibody readouts. (B) A gate on the smeary dot plot shows...antibody of interest: two clear populations or a huge smear across your FSH vs reporter plot. In this post, ...expression, and everything in between (Figure 2). These smears tend to occur when you are looking at proteins ....      Figure 4: A histogram plot for a smeary antibody readout. The orange peis the baseline ...with biorender.com. The plot above is for a smeary expression and is quite different from the yes-...

  16. Antibodies 101: Normalization and Loading Controls for Western Blots

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    April 8, 2025, 1:15 p.m.
    ...blot.   Total protein measurements as loading controls Total protein measurements are an accurate alternative...Outside the linear detection range, band intensity measurements become extremely susceptible to error, since...housekeeping proteins are highly expressed in cells. This means that at sample concentrations appropriate to detect...linear detection range of all proteins that will be measured in your assay. This is influenced by sample concentration...stain-free imaging systems are both effective for measuring the total protein present in a lane (Aldridge ...the approach you choose, your loading control measurement will take place either before or after blotting...for your POI. Figure 6: Total protein measurements are taken on the same gel or membrane (depending...

  17. Antibodies 101: Beyond Surface Labeling

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    June 27, 2024, 1:15 p.m.
    ... application, they can be membrane-permeant or membrane-impermeant, and the cells of interest can be the...proliferation staining. Dye stains are membrane-permeant or -impermeant and bind DNA or free amines, depending ...cell membrane freely, while others require a permeabilized membrane to enter cells. Depending on the research...employed: the cells are first fixed and then permeabilized, using two different buffer solutions. Fixing...the cellular state (think of mummification). Permeabilization, as the name suggests, perforates the cell...Figure 3). A useful side effect of the fixing/permeabilization (fix/perm) treatment is that the cells are...the fixing solution is different while the permeabilization solution can be the same). Examples of such...

  18. Antibodies 101: ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay)

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 24, 2021, 1:15 p.m.
    ...Overview of using Sandwich ELISA to quantitatively measure protein concentration or antibody specificity via...mixture is added to the wells. Any free antibody (meaning it hasn’t bound to your protein of interest) will... antibody that binds in the well is an inverse measure of the amount of your protein of interest in the...Overview of using Competitive ELISA to quantitatively measure protein concentration or antibody specificity via...Overview of using Direct ELISA to quantitatively measure protein concentration or antibody specificity via...Overview of using Indirect ELISA to quantitatively measure protein concentration or antibody specificity via...proteins in an ELISA well As mentioned above, the measurement of the concentration of proteins in an ELISA ...

  19. Make a Splash: Notions of Scientific Impact Are Evolving

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Dec. 5, 2014, 2:54 p.m.
    ... you like to measure yours? More Reading Fenner M. "Altmetrics and Other Novel Measures for Scientific...Impact Measures" (2009) PLOS One 4(6): e6022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006022 Aragon AM. "A measure for...publish in journals with a high “impact factor,” a measure that dates back to 1975 and is based on the average..., there are plenty of other ways to define and measure scientific impact. Even if we stick to citation...and journal publications really the best way to measure impact? As that Nature report also noted, papers...traditional scientific journals. Of course, no one measure will ever adequately capture a notion as complex...

  20. Hot Biosensors 2022: Year-End Roundup

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Dec. 6, 2022, 2:15 p.m.
    ...with new tools to measure their favorite targets and finding new targets to measure! Let’s take a look...D, et al. A fluorescent sensor for real-time measurement of extracellular oxytocin dynamics in the brain...class of signaling receptors, but the options for measuring activity of specific RTKs are limited. In a new...different ITAM/SH2 reporter pairs allow multiplexed measurement of different RTKs. Although this sensor relies...Farahani PE, et al. pYtags enable spatiotemporal measurements of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in living... affinity isn’t always better, especially if it means operating at the outer edge of the sensor’s dynamic...s41467-022-30685-x. Feel the heat with B-gTEMP  Measuring local temperature variations and heat transfer...
Showing: 1 - 20 of 461 results