...tolerance-producing antigens enunciated above. Finally, signals released from the microenvironment help create tolerance...eradicate metastasis or eliminate the probability of a relapse. Chemical and radiation therapies cause a transient...

...millions of them. The real challenge is finding relevant papers. The latest installment of the Early Career...highlight four tools for finding journal articles related to your actual interests while also staying on ...or full text of the paper, publication date, a relevance score, and type of article. Now, search results...to find papers  You’ll need to start following relevant accounts in order to turn Twitter into a paper-finding-machine...these types of accounts can help you find papers related to a particular topic or that were published by...tweet about papers too. You can follow journals related to your field of research or larger journals that...citations, in order to return results that are more relevant to your search terms. Key features Semantic Scholar...

...about Darrell, his research, and his focus on open science. Listen to the interview with Darrell Kotton...Introduction to Darrell Kotton and the Boston University Center for Regenerative Medicine. Darrell describes...low-risk but reliable projects. Chapter 9: Using stem cells as in-vitro models of disease. How Darrell is using...Darrell Kotton is the director of the Center for Regenerative Medicine at Boston University Medical School... School. Darrell’s research focuses on the lungs, and, among other projects, using stem cells to develop...develop in vitro models for lung disease. Darrell strives to promote open source biology in his own lab, ...biomedical research community. Along these lines, Darrell recently joined the Addgene Board of Directors ...

...comprised of two tandem fluorescent proteins: a relatively pH-insensitive RFP variant, DsRed.T3, that’s ...quenched in acidic environments, while mRFP is relatively stable and fluorescences even at the acidic pH... GFP/RFP ratio: a decrease in GFP fluorescence relative to RFP fluorescence suggests an increase in autophagic...autophagic flux, while an increase in GFP fluorescence relative to RFP fluorescence suggests a decrease in autophagic...changes in autophagic activity, and are a more reliable indicator of autophagic activity. The aim of this...important to remember that because Keima’s fluorescent relies on lysosomal acidity, this biosensor can’t be used...biosensor contains mRFP and GFP fused to the autophagy-related microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain...

... one-copy ‘housekeeping’ gene), and quantified relative to a 'normal' sample with known copy number set...nice thing about qPCR is that since it measures relative quantification - that is, since you’re looking...looking at the amount of DNA in your sample relative to your normal control - you can set up your calculations...provides absolute quantitative data, instead of relative quantification.  Even though no one option is ...

...of interactions between basic leucine zipper and Rel transcription factors (Hu et al., 2002). This would...necessary because split FPs can associate, albeit at relatively low frequencies, without being brought into close...visualized makes it amenable to studying PPIs under relatively physiological conditions when compared to FRET...2002) Visualization of Interactions among bZIP and Rel Family Proteins in Living Cells Using Bimolecular...much more straightforward to carry out because it relies on a single BiFC pair. Find BiFC plasmids for your...

...of AAV preparations is assayed by comparing the relative stoichiometric ratios of the viral capsid proteins...SYPRO Ruby staining and the molecular weight and relative intensity of the viral capsid proteins are analyzed...Viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 are shown relative to the total protein present in the sample. ...vectors consist of full particles (white arrowhead) relative to empty particles (black arrowhead). Scale bar...

...the order they appear in the plasmid and their relative position to the insert. Example, if you have a... immediately followed by its position (number) relative to the start Methionine (Met) followed by the ...

...the enzymes showed decreased off-target activity relative to Cas9. Since then, the Joung and Jennifer Doudna...showed decreased or similar off-target activity, relative to eSpCas9 and SpCas9-HF across a number of different...research due to its small size and specificity relative to Cas9. As scientists continue to characterize... Sensitivity Cas9 sensitivity is often closely related to specificity. Sensitivity is a measure of the...

...restriction enzyme and ligase based cloning is a relatively inexpensive way to get the job done, provided...because the T4 polymerase needed for this method is relatively inexpensive and can be obtained for about $70... or purify DNA fragments from gels. If you’re relatively new to the cloning game, however, or simply looking...Gate cloning might be for you. This methodology relies on versatile Type IIS restriction enzymes. These...and based on lambda phage integration sequences, relies on site-specific recombination reactions catalyzed...many other cloning methods - including some that rely solely on PCR, and a host of commercially available...

...variation. Confirmation of sequence can be done from relatively cheap plasmid sequencing. While rAbs are monoclonal...to run a western blot. It allows you to detect relatively low levels of antigen, while providing flexibility...assay design. Conjugated secondary antibodies are relatively cheap and easy to source, making it easy to switch... not available in a pure form, you can perform relative quantification, which measures protein amounts...particular antibody, this truly does provide a relative, not absolute, readout. Normalization Overall ...purified protein not always available Calculate relative quantification Normalizing to ubiquitously expressed...publication and ensure that it includes validation data relevant to your application — and double-check that lot...

...using CRISPRa to target individual genes can be relatively laborious because multiple plasmids/viruses are...can be targeted anywhere in the genome, it is relatively straightforward to use CRISPRa to selectively...tools described above make CRISPRa in the brain relatively easy and accessible. There are also other applications...mouse an attractive tool to probe gene-function relationships in defined substructures of the CNS as well ...Rochester Medical Center. He studies gene-function relationships in the CNS using CRISPRa as a member of the ...

...editing - enabling a ~100-fold reduction in cost relative to NGS-based amplicon sequencing. To use the tool...different types of edits that are present and their relative abundances.   The ICE tool also provides a Knockout...sequences present in your edited population and their relative representation in the edited pool. The black vertical...efficient than previous methods. Still, generating reliable results from CRISPR edit data requires the help...during generation of the ICE Score, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is also computed and reported...

.... Western blots are frequently used to compare relative levels of protein expression between cell types...protein can be used in experiments to compare the relative amount of protein present in a series of samples...interest from among the mixture and to measure the relative amount of your protein of interest on or in these...signals (up to a dozen or more!) to measure the relative or absolute amount of the expression of multiple...

...which had a total of 31 amino acid replacements relative to CFP484. Because the excitation and emission...combination results in a 2.6-fold increase in signal relative to mCerulean imaged with a standard CFP set. mTFP1.... mTFP1 is also insensitive to physiologically relevant changes in pH. Find mTFP1 plasmids here! mWasabi...

...utility to science, and its well-known edible relatives, it is fair to say that most people do not recognize...Arabidopsis is small, has a short life cycle, and is relatively easy to grow, it is an ideal organism for teachers...seeds, DNA and other resources for Arabidopsis and related species. Located at The Ohio State University in...member of the Brassicaceae family, Arabidopsis is related to a variety of food crops such as broccoli, cabbage...Foundation, ABRC’s outreach program kicked off with the release of 20 education kits designed for use in K-12 and...ABRC database and ordering platform soon to be released. For individuals interested in ordering from ABRC...

...needed for relative quantification of a western blot — and why you might want to be careful relying on so ...can you accurately compare different lanes? In relative quantification, the POI bands are normalized to...three independent blots. B–C) Graphs showing the relative intensity of the β-actin (B) or total protein ...your protein of interest (POI). This approach is reliable, but it’s overkill in many cases. Often, you may...protein concentration in your sample would directly correlate to protein abundance on your membrane, which would...multiple sources of error (red) influence these relationships and must be addressed with separate controls...Created with BioRender.com. Researchers often rely on assumptions that their loading controls are independent...

...the ratio of genome-containing viral particles relative to the total number of viral capsids (which can...vectors consist of full particles (white arrowhead) relative to empty particles (black arrowhead). Scale bar...absolute titer values may not be as important as the relative titer values. Finally, because physical titer ...of the PCR from 60° C to 61° C improved assay reliability. Different primers can have different annealing...that vary up to two-fold. How can we get more reliable AAV titering? For our viral service, we currently...vector preparations by qPCR. To ensure accurate and reliable results, we have optimized our assay in a few ...we ensure that the standard curve generated is reliable, and can thus be used to accurately infer titer...

...target protein are typically required due to the relatively low efficiency of biotinylation, at least in ...less in vivo-biotinylated protein (total amount) relative to proteins that have been biotinylated using ...removal of the fusion protein could provide a more relevant kinetic analysis, but the trick is to utilize ...solution of 2.5 mM biotin (50X) because 5 mM is barely soluble at RT. Track expression and purification...

...sequencing to validate these constructs, as the relatively low cost and quick turn-around time of Sanger... sequential “pooled library prep”, in which a relatively large number of samples are subjected to a DNA-barcoding...