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... models, and new Cre-lox based technologies are still being developed today. In this post, I will highlight...synthesis of alternative loxP sites to specify distinct patterns of recombination. In 2007, Joshua Sanes... robust single-cell labeling is necessary to distinguish individual cells. The Brainbow-1.0 construct ...OFP (orange), is expressed when Cre is absent; stochastic Cre excision results in one of three recombinations..., Sanes and Lichtman have observed from 90-160 distinct colors due to higher copy number. The name Brainbow...Although the fluorophores used are fluorescently distinct, their protein sequences are highly homologous... a majority of neurons, limiting the number of distinct colors that could be observed in a given area....

...post-consumer recycled plastic Reduced plastic in buffer bottles Fewer plastic consumables Fewer pipette...the amount of plastic and packaging material or by incorporating recycled paper and plastic. Aside from ...armed with the highest-competency cells you will still struggle to get transformants if the plasmid you...buffers used to ensure proper lysis, but you will still face column capacity limitations since the columns...on bringing sustainable practices for the lab. Plastic consumables (including pipette tips, plates, and...non-silica-based purification protocols requires less plastic and avoids the use of more hazardous reagents like...guanidine salts. Using concentrated buffers reduces plastic waste from bottles and the overall weight of the...

... field. Suggestions We provide as-you-type suggestions in different ways. Keyword suggestions inform the...catalog ID). Depositor suggestions provide shortcuts to matching PI labs and institutions. There are many more...websites, we built our new search engine atop Elasticsearch, a powerful open-source search engine that can...experience experts, our software team tailored Elasticsearch to support the different usage patterns the ...search bar, by ticking some boxes, by selecting a suggestion — how should these be supported and combined?...protocols for educational resources, and labs and institutions for depositors (see below). Even if the user...a search scoped to that category. Catalog ID suggestions provide shortcuts to specific catalog items as...

...synonymous mutations to distinguish it from the wild-type allele, they were able to distinguish between repair ...this blog was published, a bioRxiv preprint that questions the conclusion of inter-homologue recombination...mutations. But how close are we really, and what new questions does this paper bring up? We’ll sift through the... vs repair from the maternal MYBPC3 allele. Interestingly, they found that the embryos underwent repair...recessive gene. Ma et al. claim that CRISPR would still be helpful in increasing viable embryos, especially...surrounding CRISPR-based therapy is the level of testing needed to define whether off-target editing or ...be considered. It is important to consider the question of broader applicability of CRISPR germline editing...

...substrates and the ACP and SFP Synthases. Users may still generate their own fluorescent or non-fluorescent...

...Content last reviewed: 23 October 2025 Do you have suggestions for other plasmids that should be added to this...

...lab was very, very quiet. Every time I asked a question, I felt like I was yelling. I imagined 6 years...important decision. I’ll highlight some of these questions in the sections below. Mentoring relationships...all of the factors I touch on below, the first question to ask yourself is “which ones matter to me?”  ...lab is really like? Gather data of course. Ask questions. Prepare by going sleuthing on the lab website...for the interview with a long list of written questions for the PI and lab members.  Make coffee or beer... and whether or not it will work for you, ask questions like: Do lab members feel there are enough projects...what is best for you. Some of these important questions will be easy to ask the lab head, and some are...

...analogous to traditional restriction enzyme cloning. Sticky-end mediated gene transfer would be particularly...indicated below each graph. Figure adapted from Kleinstiver et al., 2016. Until recently, two major elements...off-target editing efficiency. Kim et al. and Kleinstiver et al. characterized genome-wide editing efficiency... to single mismatches, but variably so, with Kleinstiver et al. reporting that Cpf1 can tolerate mismatches...essential function in Cpf1-mediated editing, as Kleinstiver et al. saw no decrease in Cpf1 activity with ... off-target editing rates, determined using sophisticated genome-wide analysis. At many of its computationally...activity than that previously observed with SpCas9. Kleinstiver et al. suggest that AsCpf1’s off-target rate ...

... that cannot be distinguished using conventional flow can (sometimes) be distinguished using spectral ...applied to “subtract” this spillover and correctly distinguish between markers. Additionally, since the emission...hand, utilizes the full spectrum of light to distinguish one fluorophore from another. Instead of using...algorithm and single stained reference controls to distinguish one fluorophore from another within a fully stained...These unique peaks in the spectra can be used to distinguish these two fluorophores from one another during...of “0” indicating those markers are completely distinct from one another, and a value of “1” indicating...those markers are identical and completely indistinguishable. This tool is of particular value when designing...

...Resources National Cancer Institute: Cancer Statistics Page National Cancer Institute: Ras Pathway v2.0 Page...cancer-related complications each year. Despite these grim statistics, new strategies for attacking cancer are yielding...undergo programmed cell death while simultaneously stimulating growth and division. The combined effect is unregulated...so, to pose the greatest threat, cancerous cells still need to successfully infiltrate the circulatory ...as those within hair follicles and lining the digestive system, causing discomfort and illness. Further...involved in the Ras pathway alone and thousands of investigators studying them, how do we ensure that the research...Cancer Research Plasmids and Resources page, investigators may select a pathway and identify any genes ...

...programming life. Which pieces are still missing? Endy: That's a great question. You can see that we have the...substantial. It's estimated that genetic engineering as applied to products on the domestic market generates...programming languages like Java or Python. The question is who owns languages? Who owns English? Well,...every year. That's two percent of the U.S. gross domestic product – equal to mining. There is an absolutely...The parts we are releasing simply plug into this existing economic activity. People are using BioBrick parts...I'd leave it is mostly to the imagination. The question is: what can you use biology to make? If you think...-gene system to do something. We know from our testing of these parts that the chance your genes will ...

...at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Koch Institute, where an exploration...any other ancestry group. With the existing methodology, they estimate that the African ancestry-associated...and well-documented history of racial bias, which still impacts and influences current research. Understanding... Aaron knew that their study had significant statistical limitations, and expected to find only a few,...Perturbation Platform to design a new library that is agnostic to ancestry which will reduce the likelihood of...five-team response to address this issue, but it still points to a far larger and more complex problem ...Paul S. Appelbaum, Bege Dauda, Anna Di Rienzo, Agustin Fuentes, Stephanie M. Fullerton et al. Getting ...

...particular scientific question - even when others have already answered this question and used it to publish...optimize our vector - overall, I spent two years testing and reformulating our AAV construct to optimize... of that data was published.    Fig. 1: Testing of three different AAV serotypes (AAV1, 8, 9) injected...scientific support team answers hundreds of AAV questions every year on a range of issues related to AAV...many from people trying to answer the exact same question I was: What AAV vector is best for my specific..., we must therefore actively work to remove the stigma around sharing negative data and instead focus ...Recombinant AAV Produce Chemically and Functionally Distinct Vectors. Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical...

...Addgenies. Got a question at 9:00am GMT? We’ll be poised and ready to answer your questions about Addgene...counterparts are still sleeping). Plasmid sharing in Europe: Addgene’s request statistics Since 2004, Addgene...Europe. Despite these fantastic numbers, a lot of European scientists and institutions are not aware of what...Addgene has been there to answer your plasmid questions. But until now, you’ve always had to call the ...75,000 plasmids to more than 1,500 different institutions in Europe. In the last four years alone, the...Years of Plasmid Sharing: Interested in more statistics from Addgene's 10 years of plasmid sharing? ...

...manipulation still need to be developed for each organism, but researchers are optimistic that this can...recently was invited to attend the first Principal Investigator meeting of the NSF EDGE (Enabling Discovery ...food. They have chemical pathways generating interesting drug-like compounds especially cardenolides which...traits with good genetic mapping morphology and interesting behaviors. There is diversity in the social bonds...to get edited embryos (replacing the nucleus is still very difficult). Cuscuta (James Westwood) Dodders...from other plants and are unusual enough to be interesting biologically. They have economic importance as...Gasterosteus aculeates (Dan Bolnick) A paper on stickleback fish science was first published in 1867. It ...

..., there still remains the problem of prevention. Asbestos exists pretty much everywhere, still, in old...genetic factors may be in play. However, there is no question that asbestos exposure remains the single-most...Asbestos, and certain other naturally occurring asbestiform minerals such as erionite, are the only scientifically...scientifically proven causes of the disease. There is no question on this point within the medical and scientific...response. This important biomarker can be used to distinguish between three groups of people:  Those who have...different approach to immunotherapy is bevacizumab (Avastin). This drug (known as an angiogenesis inhibitor... centers in the world. The development of new diagnostic methods and treatments such as these has brought...

...lead to under and overestimation of fusion protein activity. We encourage investigators to characterize ...Erik L. Snapp and Lindsey M. Costantini. "You underestimate the power of the Dark Side." --Darth Vader in...While Vader was referring to the evil side of a mystical "Force," this quote is equally applicable to many...the cytoplasm. That is, unfortunately, some investigators realize too late that they have missed the impact...behaving properly, FPs enable researchers to investigate the localization and dynamics of fluorescent ...environment where it will localize [4]. Most investigators are surprised to learn that FPs are often poorly...most eukaryotic) proteins localize to chemically distinct subcellular environments, including the organelles...

...Woodgett. Public Library of Science (PLOS) created a stir earlier this year when it announced its data access...caused a storm as the organization left open the question of how much data was necessary and reasonable.... errors in assumptions, use of inappropriate statistical methods, omission of some data, etc.  The firestorm... lab has efficiently trawled their own data? A distinct (perhaps similarly impoverished lab) might apply...published, this data is usually condensed into a statistically evaluated set of values.  However, to evaluate...what was actually carried out. While no one is suggesting all data be stored in a retrievable format, we... images are said to be representative or the statistical variation is calculated and placed in the legend...

... focus on how to choose an advisor/principal investigator (PI) that will also serve as a good mentor. ...advisor is a good mentor? You have to ask a lot of questions. Personality and style conflicts are a common ... determining a good fit. Here are just a few suggestions for determining whether an advisor will be a ...potential advisor and don’t be shy about asking hard questions. Talk to as many lab members as possible. Try ...Ask alumni of the lab. Most labs have websites listing alumi and it is easy to use publication records...this blog post. This document includes a list of questions to ask your potential advisors and other related...Check Out Angela Depace's Talk on "Precision and Plasticity in Mentoring" Don’t ignore warning signs If lab...

...overcome. Conflict, and its inherent tension, is interesting. It’s what drives a story forward - and this ... that the superheroes win in the end. But we’re still invested in seeing how they do it.    Finding...your formal scientific communications, they are fantastic fodder for science communication. The trick is... the pieces that make you think, “Oh, that’s interesting! How did you solve that problem?” Those are the...big-picture problem, by asking your audience a simple question, like “Have you ever thought about how X works...conflict, you’re encouraging your audience to ask questions. Why didn’t the experiment work? What did those...preventing them from moving forward? Answering these questions will bring you and your audience - via the scientific...