...the viral TF library, with each cell receiving only 1 TF expression construct. Cells were cultured following...states was generated (Joung et al., 2023). Fig. 1: Barcoded TF library was packaged in lentiviral particles...atlas of directed differentiation. Cell. 2023. 186 (1) 209-229. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.026 Joung J....transcription factor library The human genome encodes approximately 1,800 TFs, with >3,500 unique isoforms... and screening mechanisms, although the unique barcodes for each TF help streamline identification. While...a disease in a model system. TF screens can be designed to identify custom TF programs to acutely initiate...

...reserve a small aliquot, split into two parts to (1) run a DNA gel to confirm fragment size and (2)  incubate...with a phenol-chloroform extraction.    Fig. 1: Schematic overview of ChIP. Image courtesy of Shengliu... let’s do a quick review. At this point you have (1) crosslinked your proteins of interest to any DNA ...immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an extremely useful technique that provides insight into protein:DNA interactions. ChIP works...up the DNA, or enzymatic digestion. Sonication provides a truly random digestion, but is harsher and requires...both tissue or cell type, amount of protein, and desired fragment length for your output assay. A longer...

...dual-color control of neurons. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24759-5 Zhang...to consider when choosing one.     Figure 1: Example of an experimental optogenetic setup. A light... 21–51). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_2 Lehtinen, K., Nokia, M. S., & Takala... 21–51). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_2 Boyden, E. S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E...In 2005, Boyden et al. described the first light-activated tool for controlling neuronal activity, channelrhodopsin... light in combination with retinal) variations designed to give researchers flexibility in using optogenetic...precise timing of the perturbation. Other tools are designed to be activated within a narrower band of wavelengths...

...digital) signal at the end of the reaction (Figure 1). Partitions that did not contain any target DNA at... through homology-directed repair (HDR) (1), or indel mutations resulting from non-homologous end joining...Follow him on Twitter @AnotherLabRat.     References 1. Miyaoka, Y. et al. Isolation of single-base genome-edited...your genome edits, this paper provides detailed instructions on how to design such assays, in addition to...great deal of precision. This means digital PCR provides an absolute measure of target abundance, does ...what kind of assays can be used to sniff out your desired mutations. The assays you will use aren’t that ...often used in real time PCR. These assays can be designed to detect either a donor sequence integrated through...

...unpublished, that allowed the visualization of specific de novo synthesized proteins in situ. I was privileged..., 2010) and allows the visualization of the whole de novo synthesized proteome. However, FUNCAT alone ... contact her at [email protected]. References 1. Dieterich, Daniela C., et al. "In situ visualization...radioactive materials is highly regulated, requires designated work areas and come with health risks. Importantly...synthesized endogenous proteins in situ. Now FUNCAT-PLA provides both quantitative and spatio-temporal information...

...BFP2.     Figure 1: CROPseq-multi uses two sgRNAs with internal barcodes (iBARs), multiplexed using...transcript by endogenous processing enzymes (Figure 1). To ensure this tRNA processing only occurs on the...served as positive control (cis-ctrl). v1, vector 1; v2, vector 2; BD, binding domain; SDS, splice donor...)genome editing and gene therapy. Nat Commun., 14(1), 6578. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42386-0...separation of the multiplexed elements. The team designed sgRNAs that include an internal barcode and separated... have been made since prime editing was first described in Anzalone et al., 2019, including modifications... sparsely-labeled field of view that was more desirable than having many closely-packed labeled cells....

...include mEGFP, mCherry, and HaloTag. Figure 1: (a) Anti-FLAG frankenbody (FB) construction from ...Comm. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10846-1.   Optimized genetic screening technique using Cas12a... to Cas9’s larger expression requirements (Figure 1), but Cas12a has generally been underutilized in genetic... encoding multiple guides. While two guides require two arrays for Cas9, two guides can be streamlined...applications. This set of new anti-FLAG frankebodies includes mEGFP, mRuby2, iRFP713, SNAP-tag, and HaloTag ...target multiple genes within a single cassette provides increased simplicity for combinatorial genetic...cost-effective alternative to commercial ladders which also provides a useful yet low-pressure teaching opportunity...

...narrowed it down to three choices.   Fig. 1: Lin, Abi, or Blottie? Which one suits me best?   ... as they introduce their new friend…  Fig. 1: Meet...well, frankly, we're not sure yet!   This...the final four will receive some rockin’ newly designed Addgene swag. Good luck and happy naming!   ...

... factors such as PAX7, PAX6, AP-2 alpha and ISLET-1. In addition, we distribute monoclonal antibodies ...Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute dedicated to: 1) developing new ways of generating antibodies, for... which results in neutralization or targeted destruction.  Antibodies are composed of two light chains...

... and reproducibility of a study’s findings. Table 1: Biased Genotyping Options Technique Sequence Information...sequencing doesn’t tell the whole story Figure 1: Schematic representations of the indicated unbiased...types Must be verified with cell-based method IDLV 1% Cell-based Programmable, can detect DSBs in live ...magazine.scienceforthepeople.org/.     References 1. Fu, Yanfang, et al. "High-frequency off-target mutagenesis...next-generation sequencing." BMC genomics 15.1 (2014): 1. PubMed PMID: 25409780. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4246457...good starting point for most researchers as it provides a list of putative off-target sites that they ... approach misses larger mismatches (e.g. six nucleotides) that may still lead to off-target double-stranded...

...between 2 loxp sites and is excised by Cre (Figure 1). This results in one loxp site and one lox2272 site...cause of this spurious expression?   Figure 1.  Cre-recombinase binds to either pair of lox sites...recombination and can exhibit recombination levels as high as 1-3%. In light of this finding, we now include guidance...Efficiency, Tropism and Axonal Transport of AAV Serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 in the Mouse Brain. PLoS ONE 8:e76310...Vectors Pseudotyped with Viral Capsids from Serotypes 1, 2, and 5 Display Differential Efficiency and Cell...experiments to minimize it. Overview of DIO/FLEx vector design Recombinase-dependent vectors utilize pairs of ...between them. Early recombinase-dependent vector designs used a lox-STOP-lox (LSL) or frt-STOP-frt (FSF)...

... you’d like to use to generate your new fly line: 1. Where would you like the gene to be incorporated ...control exactly in which locus your transgene ends up (1): Random insertion has the advantage that you can...he still reads “#” as a “pound symbol”. References 1. J. R. Bateman, et al. Site-Specific Transformation...Harvard University. In my previous two posts, I’ve described the fundamentals of how to work with Drosophila...Drosophila as an experimental model organism. I then described the Gal4/UAS system used by geneticists to study....e. there won’t be positioning effects). When designing experiments where you want to express multiple...wondering, “How do I know which of my flies have the desired integration?” Not to worry! In flies, phenotypic...

... experimented with a group mentoring format where 1 mentor met with a group of mentees to get more “bang...The groups in these programs typically consist of 1-2 mentors and 3-5 mentees who meet together for an...get together. If you all work at the same place, a 1-2 hour lunch on a regular schedule might work. If ... for over 10 years. Many successful scientists describe having a “posse” of mentors as one key to their...Ellen Daniell. In “Every Other Thursday,” Daniell describes a group of 7 women scientists who met every other...increases the diversity of input and perspectives Provides a good mechanism for accountability that makes...leadership and communication skills. The leader also provides materials such as pre-reads, videos or exercises...

...new combinations of PE protein components (Figure 1), an altered epegRNA delivered with an enhanced pU6cm...amplification of cargo, and heat treatment.  Figure 1: Left: recombined prime editing tools PE2max-NC and...conformational dynamics of the motor protein kinesin-1, the Twelvetrees Lab took advantage of the self-labeling..., Craggs, T.D., & Twelvetrees A.E. (2024) Kinesin-1 is highly flexible and adopts an open conformation...Optimized dicot prime editing enables heritable desired edits in tomato and Arabidopsis. Nature Plants,...

...required for replication and transcription (Figure 1). All viral genes are removed and replaced by a single...cells that stably express T7 (e.g. BSR T7/5 cells) (1). We hope that minigenomes will greatly enhance our...transcription of negative strand RNA viruses.   References 1. Buchholz, Ursula J., Stefan Finke, and Karl-Klaus...reverse genetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. 1-41. PubMed PMID:15298166. 3. Hoenen, Thomas, et al...minigenome system Minigenome systems, such as the one described here, are extremely useful research tools. In ...

...available from their original sources. Figure 1: Biological repositories that distribute mouse strains... from Reproducibility for Everyone. Case study 1: Cell lines Many of the reagents used to investigate...COVID-19: an observational study. The Lancet Microbe 1:e14–e23 . https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30004...distribution of cell lines from repositories on opposite sides of the world shows that science is truly a global... et al., 2006), the hACE2 transgenic mice were designed after it was discovered that SARS-CoV, which entered...dedicated facilities and manpower that a repository provides. Repositories around the world facilitate the ...

...Collection Fluorescent tagging strategy Figure 1: Gene editing is the addition of a useful coding sequence...donor plasmid contains 1 kb homology arms matching the gene of interest, a linker, and the GFP tag sequence...Institute website at alleninstitute.org. References 1. Roberts, Brock, et al. "Systematic gene tagging using... later this year. Designing the donor plasmid Figure 2: Donor plasmid design strategy. A donor ...with each cell line. The editing strategy and design described above can be used to create similar donor ...GFP tag and 1kb of homologous DNA flanking both sides (about 2.7kb total)—is inserted into a plasmid backbone...

...various cyan fluorescent proteins is depicted in figure 1. Of note, the photobleaching rate does not depend ...to be used with the fluorescent protein. In figure 1 we provide an example of such a comparison between...the variants is comparable (lower panel of figure 1). To avoid changes in excitation power, it is important...different ways. We describe a number of issues with some of the experimental designs used to make these...of Amsterdam. The previous post in this series described a practical approach to selecting a bright fluorescent... protein. Photobleaching is the irreversible destruction of a fluorophore under the influence of light...photobleach at some point. For live-cell imaging, it is desirable to have fluorescent proteins that are photostable...

...Cas9 can be used to modify any desired genomic target provided that (1) the sequence is unique compared...will cover three ways to circumvent this limitation: 1) the use of novel S. pyogenes Cas9 variants with varying...Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) is about 1 kilobase smaller than SpCas9, so it can be packaged...Biol 19: . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1591-1 Cox DBT, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Franklin B, ... may be unintentionally mutated along with the desired target locus. The PAM sequence is of particular...

...neuron which generates an action potential (Figure 1). This light-induced excitation can take place in ...channelrhodopsin activation to a small volume of brain tissue (~1 mm3). Current channelrhodopsins also need high-intensity...fiber-optic cables into the brain. Figure 1: With no blue light, the channelrhodopsin remains ... model to help them construct “designer” channelrhodopsins with desired characteristics. The model was...Viviana Gradinaru’s lab used machine learning to design new channelrhodopsins that are more light sensitive...constrained and poorly understood. It’s hard to design new channelrhodopsins with high-throughput proteins...Using machine-learning to overcome channelrhodopsin design challenges To overcome these challenges, the Arnold...