We narrowed to 819 results for: cell
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TypeCollection...sequence. DSBs are preferentially repaired in the cell by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); a mechanism...introduced along with the Cas9 and gRNA plasmids, the cell may instead repair the break using homology-directed...Cas protein and a target-specific gRNA in the same cell at the same time. Single plasmids containing both...
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CRISPR Plasmids - Zebrafish
TypeCollection...sequence. DSBs are preferentially repaired in the cell by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), a mechanism...PAM site. When a repair template is present, the cell may repair a DSB using homology-directed repair ...Cas protein and a target-specific gRNA in the same cell at the same time. Single plasmids containing both... -
Rosella: A Fluorescent pH-Biosensor for Studying Autophagy
TypeBlog Post... Mammalian Autophagy Research. Cell,140(3), 313-326. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.028. PubMed PMID: 20144757...analyzing autophagy of cytosol and organelles in yeast cells. Autophagy (Greek for “self-eating”) is induced ...radio-labeled long-lived proteins as a proxy for autophagy. Cells are cultured with isotope-labeled amino acids for...fluorescence regardless of its localization in the cell. SEP’s pH sensitivity means Rosella will fluoresce...measurements of macroautophagy and mitophagy in mammalian cells using a single fluorescent biosensor. Scientific... -
Plasmids 101: Modular Cloning
TypeBlog Post...complex cellular behaviors requires making complex manipulations to cells. For example: in a cell there ...TU, or even an individual part, will behave in a cell. For unpredictable cases, MoClo provides two answers...allow you to study natural genetic circuits in the cell. Natural and synthetic product production A major...biofuels, drug precursors, etc., microbially or in cell-free systems. These pathways typically involve multiple... yield a cellular phenotype, translational output, etc., which can support a larger cellular engineering... -
CRISPR 101: Cas9 vs. The Other Cas(s)
TypeBlog Post...Deletions in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Type I CRISPR-Cas. Molecular Cell, 74(5): 936-950.e5 (2019). 10.1016...a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system. Cell, 163(3): 759-771 (2015). 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038 Harrington, B., ... Cas13 are 1). non-specific RNA cleavage and 2). cell toxicity. Cas7-11 does not display collateral RNA...cleavage and is significantly less toxic to mammalian cells than Cas13 (likely due to the lack of collateral... -
Human Germline Editing Using CRISPR
TypeBlog Post...ssODN repair template in induced pluripotent stem cells made from the patient. With the first gRNA, they...homology-directed repair (HDR) taking place in 41.2% of edited cells. The results were even lower for the second gRNA...13.1% targeting efficiency with only 13% of edited cells employing HDR. Ma et al. moved forward with gRNA...babies.” The differences in editing between iPS cells and embryos make a case for conducting research ...analysis is not possible with IVF, as most of the cells are needed for proper development. Ma et al.’s experiments...as whole exome sequencing of embryo derived-ES cells.They also conducted whole genome sequencing in selected... -
Enhancing CRISPR Targeting Specificity with eSpCas9, SpCas9-HF1, & HypaCas9
TypeBlog Post... the EMX1 locus in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, 11 of these initial mutants retained the on-target...off-target activity at multiple genomic locations in HEK cells. Further testing of two of the mutants, SpCas9(K855A... showed that these mutants are not toxic to HEK cells and that similar mutations can improve the specificity... researchers to make precise edits in mammalian cells and may decrease worries about off target effects... Cas9 in complex with guide RNA and target DNA." Cell 156.5 (2014): 935-949. PubMed PMID: 24529477. PubMed... -
Antibodies 101: Epitope Availability
TypeBlog Post... have been extracted from a cell, instead of when it is attached to a cell membrane. Picking the Right...epitopes that are available on the outside of the cell. The same protein may have different epitopes available...need to validate on denatured proteins or on live cells. But for others, you may need to validate that it... -
Fluorescent Biosensors for Measuring Autophagic Flux
TypeBlog Post...the vacuole in yeast or the lysosome in mammalian cells. This decrease in pH quenches SEP but not DsRed,...acidity, this biosensor can’t be used with fixed cells. Find the mitochondria-targeted Keima variant at...Levine. "Methods in mammalian autophagy research." Cell 140.3 (2010): 313-326. PubMed PMID: 20144757. PubMedCentral...measurements of macroautophagy and mitophagy in mammalian cells using a single fluorescent biosensor." Scientific... -
Hot Plasmids June 2018 - Reverse transcriptase, nanobody, and protein-DNA interaction tools
TypeBlog Post...Nanobody toolkit to monitor retrograde transport at the cell surface Article contributed by Marcy Patrick Listen...nanobodies to study retrograde transport from the cell surface. Their toolkit includes a set of plasmids...new technologies to quantify proteins in tissues, cells, and biofluids. Recently, Sam Myers, a Scientist...an sgRNA expressed from a separate plasmid. When cells are treated with biotin–phenol and H2O2, APEX2 labels... -
10 Great Guest Posts We're Thankful For
TypeBlog Post...Your Favorite Fluorescent Protein Oligomerizes in Cells GFP oligomerization can lead to misleading artefacts...which specific chemical inputs are received by a cell. These so-called recombinase-based state machines...used to deliver a genes of interest to a variety of cell types in-vivo. These are widely used by the optogenetics...activation and repression of different genes in a single cell, and localization of a fluorescent signal to your... Below you’ll find brief summaries of several excellent guest posts from our depositors. Interested in... -
Understanding GPCR Signaling Using TRUPATH
TypeBlog Post... to environmental conditions, cells must be able to detect extracellular stimuli. One way they do so is...complex converts a signal received by a GPCR on the cell’s surface into action that can result in the initiation...protein transducers. To use the TRUPATH system, cells are transfected with plasmids expressing the GPCR... and the appropriate Gγ-GFP2 and Gβ constructs. Cells are then treated with the luminescent enzyme substrate...bound to the intracellular surface of the GPCR. Binding of a ligand to the extracellular surface of the...number of signaling cascades, inducing different cellular responses. One of the biggest advantages of such... -
Comparing Cas9 to NgAgo: Can the Argonautes Best CRISPR?
TypeBlog Post... be stable in the cell. gDNA guides will also need to be transfected into the cells of interest. In contrast...unable to show TtAgo-mediated cleavage in mammalian cells, likely due to high temperature requirements. To...plasmid and genomic DNA in a variety of mammalian cell lines, with an efficiency similar to that of Cas9... -
Plasmids 101: A Brief History of Plasmids and an Improved eBook!
TypeBlog Post...R-factors could be transferred between bacteria via cell-to-cell contact; however, scientists noted that, unlike...cytoplasmic factors that could be transferred between cells. At the time, these extranuclear agents of heredity...PMCID: PMC3785787. References: Lederberg, Joshua. "Cell Genetics and Hereditary Symbiosis" Physiological... -
CRISPR 101: Cytosine Transversion Editors
TypeBlog Post...By taking advantage of repair pathways within the cell — in some cases, the same repair pathways that were...adenosine (A) to inosine (I, treated as G by the cell). Surprisingly, the team noticed that this editor...cytosine editing between bacteria and mammalian cells Researchers in the Xueli Zhang lab were making similar...2021). Their GBE produced C → G edits in HEK293T cells with over 50% efficiency in 23 out of 30 target ...follow the same initial mechanism as in mammalian cells — by excising the freshly edited U bases — but E...these fusion constructs improved editing in various cell types, although efficacy varied among target sequences...CGBEs at different target sequences and in different cell types, available at www.crisprbehive.design. CGBEs... -
Institute for Protein Innovation
TypeCollection...unique recombinant antibodies targeting families of cell surface and secreted proteins from a collaboration...unique recombinant antibodies targeting families of cell surface and secreted proteins (glypicans and integrins...highly conserved proteoglycans crucial for regulating cell signaling during development. The IPI collection...antibodies that target epitope tags and other common cellular proteins. ID Recombinant Antibody Description ... -
Optogenetics Plasmid Collection
TypeCollection...to blue light and allows cations to flow into the cell. Variants of channelrhodopsin have been engineered...improve the expression and membrane targeting in host cells. Other microbial opsins, such as the Halorhodopsins...actively move cations or anions into or out of the cell. When using these opsins as a tool to control neuronal...switch tools to activate, inhibit, and manipulate cellular processes. Plasmid...plasmids that use light to control a protein or cellular activity. For example, search "Cdc42", "transcription... -
TALEN Engineering
TypeCollection...Tesson et al., Nat Biotechnol. 2011 ) Human somatic cells ( Miller et al., Nat Biotechnol. 2011 ; Reyon and...., Nat Biotechnol 2012 ) Human pluripotent stem cells ( Hockemeyer et al., Nat Biotechnol. 2011 ) TALE...TALE transcriptional activators in human cells ( Maeder et al., Nat Methods 2013 ) More detailed information... -
A Primer on Optogenetics: Introduction and Opsin Delivery
TypeBlog Post...opsin expression in the intended brain region and/or cell type (I’ll talk more about this in detail later)...desired optogenetic construct in the brain region and cell type of interest is obviously of critical importance...wish to stimulate or inhibit neuronal firing, the cell-type specificity, the kinetics of the opsin variant...control of a generic promoter). A DIO opsin allows cell type specificity dependent on the promoter of the...expression of your opsin is no longer required to achieve cell-type specific opsin expression. However, the types...spread, and with co-localization immunofluorescence, cell-type specificity. Viruses that only express the ...experimentation. Whether you attempt to stimulate the cell body or an axon terminal also affects the length... -
Generating Mouse Models Using CRISPR/Cas9
TypeBlog Post... into a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line, enrich and select for cells that had successfully incorporated... when it gets exciting – the cell sends out an “SOS” signal and cellular repair mechanisms rush in to ...Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering. Cell 154:1370–1379 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.022 Yoon Y, Wang ...Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering. Cell 153:910–918 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.025 Zhang X, Liang...develop into chimeric mice (with a fraction of the cells in the adult mice derived from the engineered ESCs...Humanization (25-kbp) Created Using Embryonic Stem Cell/Blastocyst and CRISPR/Zygote Injection Approaches...