We narrowed to 430 results for: ERG
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TypeBlog Post...What is this FRET you speak of? Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) was originally described by Theodor... the alternative acronym Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Unlike the typical excitation and emission...fluorophore, FRET involves a non-radiative transfer of energy (i.e. no emitted photons) from the excited donor...fluorophore excitation by absorption of a photon 2. Energy transfer from the excited donor directly to the...spectrum of the acceptor fluorophore. Otherwise the energy transferred from the donor will not be able to ...of each other and be oriented appropriately for energy transfer via dipole-dipole interaction. The efficiency...M., et al. "Quantification of Förster resonance energy transfer by monitoring sensitized emission in living...
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Antibodies 101: Designing Your First Flow Panel
TypeBlog Post...the photon's energy is lost, so the energy of an emitted photon is lower than the energy of the absorbed...wavelengths are higher in energy, while photons of higher wavelengths are lower in energy. As such, wavelengths...they promote electrons within atoms to a higher energy state. This process is called excitation. After...a short period, the electrons revert to a lower energy state, whereby a photon is emitted. This step is... due to a process called Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Figure 1: Emission spectra... relationship between a photon's wavelength and energy, how photons can be absorbed and emitted by matter... -
Finding nucleic acids with SHERLOCK and DETECTR
TypeBlog Post...Reporter UnLOCKING (SHERLOCK and SHERLOCKv2) (Gootenberg et al., 2017 and 2018). While the Doudna lab ...not been approved for diagnostics yet, but is undergoing validation studies. Jennifer Tsang contributed...updating this article. References Abudayyeh OO, Gootenberg JS, Konermann S, Joung J, Slaymaker IM, Cox DBT...439 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6245 Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Lee JW, Essletzbichler P, Dy...442 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam9321 Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Kellner MJ, Joung J, Collins...10.1126/science.aaq0179 Myhrvold C, Freije CA, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Metsky HC, Durbin AF, Kellner...Shmakov S, Abudayyeh OO, Makarova KS, Wolf YI, Gootenberg JS, Semenova E, Minakhin L, Joung J, Konermann... -
Meet the New Addgene Board Members!
TypeBlog Post...other reagents in biology. Luk H. Vandenberghe, PhD Luk Vandenberghe’s first lab experience was in a virology... Khandan Baradaran, Frank Stegmeier, and Luk Vandenberghe. We’re excited to grow the team and bring on...worked on vaccines throughout that time. Now Vandenberghe is an Associate Professor at Mass Eye and Ear... to develop an AAV-based COVID-19 vaccine. Vandenberghe’s work with AAVs led to many interactions with...ultimately make innovation and science slow,” Vandenberghe says. “The continuous creativity that Addgene...Karen Guerin for the journal Molecular Therapy. Vandenberge is also the Grousbeck Family Chair in Gene Therapy... -
Plasmids 101: A Brief History of Plasmids and an Improved eBook!
TypeBlog Post...Plasmids: History & Biology The Joshua Lederberg Papers Joshua Lederberg's Personal Perspective: Plasmid (1952...Pubmed PMID: 13003535. Lederberg, Joshua, Luigi L. Cavalli, and Esther M. Lederberg. “Sex Compatibility ...did plasmids get their name? In 1952, Joshua Lederberg set out to clarify the classification of these...the Fertility, or F-factor discovered by Ester Lederberg in 1952 was noted to integrate into the E. coli...PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3785787. References: Lederberg, Joshua. "Cell Genetics and Hereditary Symbiosis... -
Tips for Using FRET in Your Experiments
TypeBlog Post...Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer CRET= Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Interesting...well-known FRET, aka Fluorescence (Förster) Resonance Energy Transfer, technique which allows the detection ..."a distance-dependent physical process by which energy is transferred non-radiatively from an excited ... may be higher than the signal generated by the energy transfer. On the contrary, if you choose a pair... development of new fluorescent pairs and the emergence of faster measurement systems, this technique .... Sekar RB, Periasamy A. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging of live cell... -
CASTing Off for New Shores in Human Genome Editing
TypeBlog Post...CRISPR-transposon system before another exciting new advance emerges! The programmability and targeting power of CRISPR...the directed evolution expertise of the Samuel Sternberg and David Liu labs. Evolving CASTs for new contexts...plasmids here! The new horizons of evoCAST In the emerging world of gene therapy, highly tailored treatments... H., Klompe, S. E., Ronda, C., Wang, H. H., & Sternberg, S. H. (2024). Bacterial genome engineering using..., S. E., Vo, P. L. H., Halpin-Healy, T. S., & Sternberg, S. H. (2019). Transposon-encoded CRISPR-Cas systems...L. H., Chen, A. T., Tolar, J., Osborn, M. J., Sternberg, S. H., & Liu, D. R. (2025). Programmable gene... -
Networking and Inspiring Young Scientists at Freshers Fairs
TypeBlog Post...summer internship information sessions to help undergraduate students with their applications. The society...society currently has 1,283 members, who comprise undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, faculty members...The society encourages interactions between undergraduates and PhD students so that they can help support...society currently has 352 members, ranging from undergrad all the way up to professors. Oxford Biological...at Imperial College London for students in this emerging field. It has gained over 170 members in its first...or biological societies were you a part of in undergrad or grad school? How did these societies help (... -
A Needle in a Base-Stack: Cas9 Structural Biology
TypeBlog Post..., so it associates with random DNA sequences (Sternberg et al., 2014). The nuclease lobes are inactive...and active conformations (Bravo et al., 2022; Sternberg et al., 2015). The correct positioning of the ...before cleavage can occur (Jiang & Doudna, 2017; Sternberg et al., 2015). Figure 8: Comparison...cellular recycling factors to release its handiwork (Sternberg et al., 2014). New discoveries on this topic are...and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Resources and references...9), 839–843. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2673 Sternberg, S. H., LaFrance, B., Kaplan, M., & Doudna, J.... 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15544 Sternberg, S. H., Redding, S., Jinek, M., Greene, E. C.,... -
Cloning Mammalian Cells with the Agarose Method
TypeBlog Post...blogger Iris Lindberg, Professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. In the Lindberg Lab we ...blogger Iris Lindberg, Professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Iris Lindberg is a professor...PC12, Rin5F, Neuro2A and GH4C1, among others (see Lindberg papers in PubMed). While we found that nearly ...neural and endocrine cells. She can be emailed at ilindberg@som.umaryland.edu. Additional Resources on the... -
Streaking for Single Colonies: The Streak Plate Challenge
TypeBlog Post... any bacteriologist’s skill set. So when Dave Westenberg taught this concept in his microbiology lab course...wear a mask. (@GermJuggler) February 13, 2021 Westenberg, a Professor of Biological Sciences at Missouri...by using a thicker bacterial suspension,” says Westenberg. In addition to streaking for single colonies...them into different strains of E. coli,” says Westenberg. During the transformation experiment, he plans...efficiency. Aside from the Streak Plate Challenge, Westenberg’s course includes Winogradsky columns and characterizing... -
Which Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques is Best for Me?
TypeBlog Post...fluorescent microscopy. Collimated (non-converging or diverging) excitation light exits the microscope ...its unrivaled contrast, fluorescence imaging has emerged as the dominant light microscopy contrast technique...GFP. Because red light has approximately half the energy of blue light, two photons of red light are needed...Although the excitation light is completely reflected, energy is propagated into the sample via an evanescent...the fluorophore’s interaction with an evanescent energy field. Lightsheet microscopes that project ultra-thin... -
Meet an Addgenie: Insights into Grad School, Career Paths, and More
TypeBlog Post...after undergrad] was to learn and speak the language of science. I didn’t come out of [undergrad] feeling...solidified some concepts that are heard often during undergrad. Lauren Flynn is the Addgenie behind our...doctor. After taking a year break in between undergraduate school and studying for the MCAT, she decided...description.” Our resident bagel provider, source of energy, and conversation master knows that although her... -
CrispyCrunch: High-throughput Design and Analysis of CRISPR+HDR Experiments
TypeBlog Post...science. Acknowledgements Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Manuel Leonetti Ryan Leenay...Greg Dingle, a software engineer with the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. We hereby announce the general availability... us your questions or comments to gdingle@chanzuckerberg.com. We're eager to hear your thoughts. Many...Greg Dingle is a software engineer with the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, working on assignment at the Biohub... -
Minigenomes - a Safe Way to Study Dangerous Viruses Like the Ebola Virus
TypeBlog Post...Cressey is a PhD Student in the labs of Dr. Elke Mühlberger and Dr. Rachel Fearns at Boston University School...Medicine, Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratories. She is interested...The power of reverse genetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. 1-41. PubMed PMID:15298166. 3. Hoenen,...21699921. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3586226. 4. Mühlberger, Elke, et al. "Comparison of the transcription... 9971816. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC104478. 5. Mühlberger, Elke. "Filovirus replication and transcription... -
Transferable Skills Guide: Time Management
TypeBlog Post...skills, but I’ve learned a lot since my days as an undergrad working with cancer cell lines. As I started planning...useful tasks. The quick accomplishments will likely energize you. For example, let's say you’re doing a multi-day...that should help keep you content and give you the energy to finish any additional work you might need to... all if I’d planned appropriately. Back in my undergrad days, I had general goals for my experiments, ...to it each day. Once you get over the activation energy barrier that comes with making ANY progress, the... -
Hot Plasmids: Spring 2025
TypeBlog Post...proteins (GPC1, GPC3, and GPC4). All IPI antibodies undergo extensive characterization at IPI as well as community-led...CRISPR homing of retroelements." The Abudayyeh-Gootenberg Lab developed this tool based on several new ...Lim, J., Hiraizumi, M., … Abudayyeh, O. O., & Gootenberg, J. S. (2025). Reprogramming site-specific retrotransposon... The enhancers span all four major classes of GABAergic interneurons — those marked by parvalbumin (PV...lysosomal-associated membrane protein 5 (LAMP5) — as well as cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase, ChAT) neurons. The... -
Viral Vectors 101: Optogenetic Tools
TypeBlog Post...intracellular domain of an endogenous GPCR, such as adrenergic receptors. When exposed to light, there is a ...Figure 3: Chimeric OptoXR incorporating rhodopsin undergoes a conformational change when exposed to blue-light.../978-1-0716-0755-8_2 Boyden, E. S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E., Nagel, G., & Deisseroth, K. (2005). Millisecond-timescale..., N., Berthold, P., Ollig, D., Hegemann, P., & Bamberg, E. (2003). Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated...Dieter, A., Pieper, F., Sims, R., Tenedini, F., Bergs, A. C. F., Bendifallah, I., Zhou, F., Zeitzschel... -
Typing CRISPR Systems
TypeBlog Post...archaeal immune systems has led to extreme sequence divergence that requires a multi-pronged analysis to sort...References and Resources References Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Essletzbichler, P., Han, S., Joung, J...doi.org/10.1126/science.1231143 Cox, D. B. T., Gootenberg, J. S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Franklin, B., Kellner...Makarova, K. S., Koonin, E. V., Abudayyeh, O. O., & Gootenberg, J. S. (2021). Programmable RNA targeting with...nar/gkz1197 Samai, P., Pyenson, N., Jiang, W., Goldberg, G. W., Hatoum-Aslan, A., & Marraffini, L. A. ... -
Understanding GPCR Signaling Using TRUPATH
TypeBlog Post...Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). BRET is similar to Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), ...fluorophore. The difference for BRET is that the energy transfer is between a luminescent donor and a fluorescent...protein dissociation by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2, or BRET2. With binding of the drug,...