...scientists were in search of inducible promoters capable of controlling eukaryotic gene expression. Several...

...processing and dynamics using APP and Bace1 plasmids . Capitini et al. iScience. 2023 Apr 11. See More Other Resources...

...relative to the total number of viral capsids (which can include empty capsids that are devoid of a viral genome... viral particles. Ratio of full to empty viral capsids: the ratio of genome-containing viral particles...genome). Empty viral capsids can be formed during viral production depending on the  experimental conditions...One study showed that approximately 50% of viral capsids were genome-containing (“full”) (Zeltner et al....1999). The percentage of genome-containing viral capsids is typically quantified by electron microscopy ...we are pleased to report that over 95% of viral capsids in representative viral vector preparations are...purified viral vector solution (which contains viral capsid proteins) as opposed to purified DNA. This may ...

...and invade multiple organs, and most importantly escape the immune mechanisms of the host. The cause, manifestation...drug resistance in bacteria, the tumor cells that escape the elimination stage acquire genetic alterations...antigen production to evade the immune system. 3. Escape - Tumor cells that survive this phase are able ...outsmart the host immune mechanisms altogether and escape future immune surveillance. Dormancy of certain...interactions with the immune system, tumors “learn” how to escape it. In this process, cancer cells develop and thrive...Evading Recognition Tumor cells over-express CD47 to escape recognition by circulating macrophages. Tumor cells...metastasis, block the cell-surface proteins that help escape immuno-surveillance, and curb cytokine and chemokine...

... users coat a multiwell plate with a capture reagent. The capture reagent may be an antigen or an antibody...on how the assay is set up. Then they block the capture reagent to prevent non-specific interactions. Next...ELISA the multiwell plate is first coated with a capture antibody that binds to the antigen in a sample ...ELISA, users first coat a multiwell plate with a capture antibody and then add their antigen-containing ...antigen-containing sample. The target antigen binds to the capture antibody and a series of wash steps removes non-target....  Importantly, the detection antibody and the capture antibody must bind to distinct, non-overlapping...they require two independent antibodies for the capture and detection steps, which increases the specificity...

... MECP2 null alleles or common mutations that recapitulate Rett syndrome in humans. MECP2 knockout rats...

...developing new capsids through direct evolution, capsid shuffling, and peptide displays. These capsids will be...slight variations in their viral capsids. Novel forms of AAV capsids are discovered frequently and recent...activation of innate immunity. AAV vectors are also capable of infecting a wide range of cell types including...enabled us to generate new and refined forms of capsids with improved specificity. AAV vectors are able...

...be packaged in a variety of capsids. To date, at least 12 different capsids, or serotypes, have been identified...using AAV is the limited packaging capacity. Lentiviruses have capacities of 8–12 kb, while AAV only has ...libraries available at Addgene. The large packaging capacity and stable expression of lentiviral vectors make... AAV, with the genome from one serotype and the capsid of another. Researchers have used these psuedotypes...Interest in interrogating and mapping the genetic landscape of tissue-specific diseases has grown exponentially...

...antibodies, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein [mBG17] and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein [mBG86], target...target distinct epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 nucelocapsid protein, one of the virus’s most abundant proteins...Figure 3: HeLa cells transduced with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (Plasmid #141391-LV [+N]) or membrane...) were immunoblotted against Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein antibodies #211756 (left panel) or #211757..., et al. (2021). Development of a SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid specific monoclonal antibody. Virology. 558,...-strand AAV (ssAAV). To maintain the packaging capacity and improve the specificity of ssAAV, a targeting...

...intuitive and I was making figures quickly. Inkscape Inkscape is the most similar to Adobe Illustrator out...and like Vectr, Inkscape uses vector graphics. There’s a steep learning curve for Inkscape, but there are... desktop use for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Inkscape is versatile and has a wide selection of tools...lots of resources for learning the software. The Inkscape website has many tutorials and Lynda has a tutorial...

... compared to the wild-type, escaped neutralization. “That degree of escape from a very small number of...luminescence.     B.1.351 variant neutralization escape The lab saw that the B.1.351 variant was very resistant...what was surprising was the extent to which the escape appeared to be happening.”  In their assay, the...-YS, Lessells RJ, de Oliveira T, Sigal A (2021) Escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 from neutralization by convalescent..., Balazs AB (2021) Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity...

... AAV capsids (left) and transduction patterns (right).  Both AAV-PHP.eB and the AAV.CAP-B capsids are ...positive and negative selective pressures for novel capsids. In a continuation of that work, they have found...is true in both mice and nonhuman primates (for AAV.CAP-B10, for example).  Given that the liver is an ... derived from AAV9.  Of those shown here, only AAV.CAP-B10 causes brain wide expression, with no liver...

...to the type of capsid (outer protein shell) used to package an rAAV vector; these capsids allow the virus...AAV components      Cargo capacity Empty rAAV has a cargo capacity of ~ 4.7 kb, meaning that your... virus, packaged in a non-enveloped icosahedral capsid, that can be used to express genes of interest ...plasmid and individually packaged into the AAV capsids. As a genome conversion in the transduced cell ...

...select novel AAV capsid variants could unintentionally limit the utility of candidate capsids.  Are you interested...small randomized peptide loop inserted in the AAV9 capsid. This mutant library was then screened in vivo ...version of LY6A, but a mutation in PHP.B’s unique capsid loop disrupted binding. Collectively these results...LY6A, a novel cellular receptor for AAV-PHP. B capsids." bioRxiv (2019): 538421. If you’re interested ...administration of the adeno-associated virus-PHP. B capsid fails to upregulate transduction efficiency in ...

... determine if CRISPR/Cas9 escape occurs in an animal model. If these escape mutations are frequent, the...their results, Wang et al. showed that HIV-1 could escape from CRISPR/Cas9-induced modification targeting...either the LTRs or essential genes. Many of these escape mutations were located near the Cas9 cut site, ...1 infection, which would make it easier for an “escape” virus to propagate and infect adjacent cells. ... Inhibit HIV-1 Replication and Accelerate Viral Escape. Cell Rep. 2016 Apr 5. PubMed PMID: 27068471. Ramanan...

...(Cas) genes as well as non-coding RNA elements capable of programming the specificity of the CRISPR-mediated...

... for the identification of plasmid multimers. Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (CGE) analysis Another technique...technique that can detect multimers is capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), which has been used in plasmid...Thompson L. Vaccine Plasmid Topology Monitoring by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis. Curr Mol Med. 2020;20(10)...PMC4480603. Holovics HJ, He Y, Lacher NA, Ruesch MN. Capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence...fluorescence of plasmid DNA in untreated capillary. Electrophoresis. 2010 Jul;31(14):2436-41. doi: 10.1002/...study and topology analysis of plasmid DNA by capillary gel electrophoresis. BioProcess Int. 2006 Sep;...

...your experiments. Capture MS Strategies This approach uses immunoprecipitation to capture proteins from a...and then uses mass spectrometry to identify the captured proteins. If the antibody is specific, then you...approach is ideal for validating antibodies for immunocapture applications and is amenable to high-throughput...to validate that your antibody is specifically capturing your RNA-binding protein of interest. So you ...immunoprecipitation with your antibody and send the captured proteins off for mass spec analysis (above). When...

...my training, I dove straight into my capstone project. A capstone project is a major project given to ...Figure 1: Addgene's summer interns presenting their capstone projects during the Summer Intern Poster Presentation... scientist. But I expected something wrong. My capstone project was based on plasmid cloning and I, the... Once everything was confirmed, I worked on my capstone project report and presentation, during the final...

...distinct behaviors such as spontaneous swimming and escape reflex. These traits, coupled with short generation...zebrafish at 5 days post fertilization, including escape behavior and spontaneous swimming. When startled...zebrafish react by performing a distinct C-bend to escape possible danger (see figure). Larvae also perform...in response to any specific stimulus. While the escape response neural pathway is well characterized, ... kind of swimming behavior, spontaneous swim or escape, was elicited when these different neuron groups...