...Figure 3: BaF3 cells were transduced with H2B-FT virus and grown in varying concentrations of IL-3. Cells..., which depend on IL-3 to proliferate. The cells cultured with a low dose of IL-3 showed reduced proliferation...high IL-3 showed mostly blue fluorescence, indicating a quick cell cycle. Cells that had IL-3 withdrawn...Cells grown in high concentrations of IL-3 show a high proportion of blue fluorescence, indicating cell ...proliferation. BaF3 cells maintained in media without IL-3 show only red fluorescence. Image from Eastman et ...Streptococcus canis Cas9 nuclease that has a broad 5′-NNG-3′ PAM. Get the plasmids at Addgene The Human GlycoGene...

...slice of HcKCR1-EYFP and tdTomato expressed layer 2/3 neurons in mouse. C) Action potential frequencies ...us know. We’d love to hear from you!   Fig. 3: Image of Addgene’s western blot for the myc-tagged...

...applications require 3 letters of reference- the graduate school mentor, the postdoctoral mentor, and at least...yourself to and talk with more senior scientists. 3. Work intensely, but intelligently Before you do your... of your postdoctoral training experience. If you're going to commit to doing a postdoctoral fellowship...contributed by Erik Snapp, the Director of Student and Postdoctoral Programs at theJanelia Research Campus of the...the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Today's postdoctoral fellows (PFs) face a number of challenges ranging...academia - the main reason most people enter postdoctoral training. Similarly, there are several factors...1. Reverse engineer success On Day 1 of your postdoctoral experience, define what will be needed to achieve...

...Vale RD. Cell. 2014 Oct 23;159(3):635-46. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.039. Epub 2014 Oct 9. Pubmed. Find...

...Weissman JS. Cell. 2014 Oct 23;159(3):647-61. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.029. Epub 2014 Oct 9.     ...MS2 RNA aptamers at the tetraloop and stem-loop 2; 3. The MS2-P65-HSF1 plasmid which expresses the activation... the top 10 hits.” Two-way CRISPR screening In October, Jonathan Weissman’s lab introduced additional ...

...Retroviruses and cancer. Rev Infect Dis. 1982 Sep-Oct;4(5):1015-25. DOI: 10.1093/clinids/4.5.1015 Lee C.S...Application of Viruses to Biotechnology. Viruses. 2021 Oct 14;13(10):2073. DOI: 10.3390/v13102073 Resources ...biology, technology and application. Viruses. 2011 Jun;3(6):677-713. DOI: 10.3390/v3060677 Varanda C, Félix...

...fetal hemoglobin level. Science 2013 Oct 11;342(6155):253-257. PubMed. 3. Canver MC, Bauer DE, Dass A, Yien...relationship between deletion size and frequency [3]. There are several applications in which the production...to deletions following paired DSBs is inversions [3]. These rearranged segments may also be informative...is likely to bear an indel or inversion mutation [3]. In the CRISPR era, the genomic landscape may be ...

...bands at ~3.6 kb and ~1.1 kb (lane 3). Uncut DNA (lane 2) has a band at <3 kb, which corresponds to the supercoiled.... Mol Biotechnol. 2008 Nov;40(3):252-60. doi: 10.1007/s12033-008-9082-3. Epub 2008 Jul 8. PMID: 18607781...factor E-1 from Proteus mirabilis. Biochemistry. 1968 Oct;7(10):3513-20. doi: 10.1021/bi00850a028. PMID: 4878700...Plasmids and Chromosomes. Microbiol Spectr. 2014 Oct;2(5). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PLAS-0025-2014. ...plasmid sample. Troubleshooting Tips   Figure 3. Summary of plasmid multimerization troubleshooting...9(4 PT 2):707-16. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90134-3. PMID: 797459. Berg CM, Liu L, Coon M, Strausbaugh...Behavior of Plasmid DNA. Microbiol Spectr. 2015 Apr;3(2):10.1128/microbiolspec.PLAS-0036-2014. doi: 10.1128...

... Methods. 2006 Jun;65(3):476-87. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.09.007. Epub 2005 Oct 10. PMID: 16216354 ...multidrug resistance-1 gene (pfmdr1). J Parasitol. 2011 Oct;97(5):939-42. doi: 10.1645/GE-2792.1. Epub 2011 May...

...Ward JD, Reiner DJ, Goldstein B. Nat Methods. 2013 Oct;10(10):1028-34. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2641. Epub 2013...injection step! The entire protocol takes about 2-3 weeks but requires less than eight hours worth of ...Heppert JK, Higgins CD, Goldstein B. Genetics. 2015 Jun 3. pii: genetics.115.178335. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed...

...using the F plasmid ccdB killer gene”. Gene. 1994 Oct 11;148(1):71-4. PubMed PMID: 7926841. 4. Bernard,...Recombinant DNA by CcdB.” Biotechniques. 1996 Aug;21(2):320-3. PubMed PMID: 8862819. 2. Bahassi, EM., et al. “F ...Microbiol. 1995 Mar;15(6):1031-7. PubMed PMID: 7623659. 3. Bernard, P., et al. “Positive-selection vectors using...DNA cleavage by gyrase.” J Mol Biol. 1993 Dec 5;234(3):534-41. PubMed PMID: 8254658. 5. Bernard, P. and ...DNA-topoisomerase II complexes.” J Mol Biol. 1992 Aug 5;226(3):735-45. PubMed PMID: 1324324. 6. Tam, JE. and Kline...

...U, Takahashi M, Gage FH, Verma IM. J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):8150-7. PubMed PMID: 9733856. PubMed Central... et al. created the 3rd generation system (Figure 3), which differs from the 2nd generation in two key...SIN) lentiviral vectors contain a deletion in the 3’ LTR that prevents aberrant activation of nearby genes...PubMed PMID: 9765382. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC110254. 3. In-vivo RGB marking and multicolour single-cell tracking...RA, Berinstein EM, Medin JA. Immunotherapy. 2015;7(3):271-84. PubMed PMID: 25804479. 9. Development of ...

...limit of lentiviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther. 2001 Oct 10;12(15):1893-905. PubMed PMID: 11589831. Jiang ...plasmids. Second generation packaging systems use 3 plasmids; an envelope plasmid that usually encodes...vessel size. Opting for a larger vessel, such as a 3 or 5-layer flask will require some initial optimization...

... van Rheenen J, Simons BD, Clevers H. Cell. 2010 Oct 1;143(1):134-44. PubMed. Drosophila Brainbow: a recombinase-based...imaged the mouse brains, they found many more than 3-4 colors due to the tandem integration of multiple...colorful technology. Optimizing the system: Brainbow-3 Although Brainbow provided neuroscientists with the...Looger LL, Simpson JH. Nature Methods. 2011 Mar;8(3):253-9. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1566. Epub 2011 Feb 6. ...Dickson BJ, Salecker I. Nature Methods. 2011 Mar;8(3):260-6. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1567. Epub 2011 Feb 6. ...Beaurepaire E, Morin X, Livet J. Neuron. 2014 Feb 5;81(3):505-20. PubMed.   ...

...Last updated on Oct 14, 2020 by Seth Kasowitz. This post was contributed by the gene editing team at ...enter the cells so they can go to work. Figure 3: Inducing the double strand break and introducing ...

...Last updated on Oct 1, 2020 by Aliyah Weinstein. This post was contributed by guest bloggers, Wenning... the human genome, the mouse genome is made up of 3 x 109 nucleotides (nt), and encodes 23,000 or so genes...editing the genome, the CRISPR/Cas system makes use of 3 components, a guide RNA (gRNA) of about 125 nt that...zygotes, the gRNA will seek out its target among the 3 X 109 nt of genetic content in the mouse genome and...predictable. In our best case, we saw that 2 out of 3 mice carried a 5 kb insertion in the ROSA locus as...lines. Second, the process is much quicker. It takes 3 months to generate founder mice using CRISPR, as compared...

...transgenesis constructs. Kirchmaier et al., PLOS One 2013 Oct 7;8(10):e76117. Irreversible peptide-peptide ligation...9(5):1104-12. Heinemann et al., FEBS Lett 2012 Oct 19;586(20):3716-22. Park et al., Science 2011 Aug...variants. Klapoetke et al., Nat Methods 2014 Mar 11;(3):338-46. For more information and descriptions of...counterparts. The Janovjak lab has deposited their 3 Opto-RTK constructs – Opto-mFGFR1, Opto-hEGFR, and...turn green. Mashiko et al., Sci Rep 2013 Nov 27; 3:3355. Rinehart lab reagents for improved expression...96-102. Druckmann et al., Neuron. 2014. Feb 5;81(3):629-40.  Next-Gen Brainbow toolkit for neuronal...Stigleoclonium helveticum (ShChR), Chlamydomonas noctigama (CnChR1), Chloromonas subdivisa (CsChR), Chloromonas...

...PCR versus analog real-time PCR. Nat Methods. 2013 Oct;10(10):1003-5. PubMed PMID: 22035192. PubMed Central..." Gene therapy 6.7 (1999). PubMed PMID: 10455443. 3. Hindson, Benjamin J., et al. "High-throughput droplet...

... Technologies. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 27 Oct. 2023. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100519... Toolbox for Plants.” ACS Synthetic Biology, vol. 3, no. 11, American Chemical Society (ACS), 20 Feb. ...

...0.03%) [3, 9]. In 2011, Chou et al. generated a mixture of two vectors that encoded six factors - OCT3/4, ...are closer to hiPSCs than age-matched fibroblasts [3]. These advantages make PBMCs the ideal source of...PMID: 27579041. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4989082. 3. Chou, B.K., et al., Efficient human iPS cell derivation...and gene expression signatures. Cell Res, 2011. 21(3): p. 518-29. PubMed PMID: 21243013. PubMed Central... and peripheral blood cells. Stem Cells, 2013. 31(3): p. 458-66. PubMed PMID: 23193063. 8. Ehrhardt, A...vectors for gene therapy. Curr Gene Ther, 2008. 8(3): p. 147-61. PubMed PMID: 18537590. 9. Mack, A.A.,...pCXLE-hUL 27080 L-MYC and LIN28 pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F 27077 OCT3/4 and shRNA against p53 pCXWB-EBNA1...

...." F1000Research 3 (2014). Pubmed PMID: 25653845. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4304227. 3. Sauermann, Henry...positions within 5-7 years of earning their PhDs (3), showing that the ‘standard’ pathway into academia..., Eve. "Looking out for future scientists." eLife 3 (2014): e04901. Pubmed PMID: 25291257. Pubmed Central...the Future of Research will be held from 22-24 October. This blog has been contributed by guest blogger...strong supporter of increasing the number of postdoctoral scientists at University of Maryland. Paula... can register here or live stream the event on October 22nd and 23rd here. Many thanks to our guest blogger...

...at the 5′ or 3′ end of the sgRNA (i.e. TOP1 or TOP2 constructs; see Supplementary Note 3 in the article...your target gene! Tanenbaum et al., Cell. 2014 Oct 8. pii: S0092-8674(14)01227-6. Multi-bit genetic...Polstein LR & Gersbach CA, Nat Chem Biol 2015 Mar;11(3):198-200. SunTag system for single molecule imaging...protein (NLS-PCP-GFP) a RFP protein that binds to the 3’ UTR of the reporter mRNA via an MS2 coat protein ..., (2) tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 gene deletion, (3) simultaneous expression of cDNAs and shRNAs with ...8 constitutive promoters, 2 includible promoters, 3 polyA terminators and various pieces for inducible... 2012, Adam Cohen's lab presented Archaerhodopsin 3 (Arch) as a new rhodopsin based voltage indicator ...

...field, (2) that you have three 3 years of research experience in the field, (3) that you have an offer of ...applications and approved 91,023 during the first 3 quarters of 2017. As an international researcher and...well positioned to advance the proposed endeavor; (3) The foreign national’s proposed endeavor will be ...for this category. To qualify, you need to satisfy 3 out of the 10 criteria listed below. An international...of the institute. For the EB-1B, you need to prove 3 threshold requirements: (1) that you have international... you must show that your company employs at least 3 full-time people engaged in researcher activities....sponsorship) then he or she can start working in October of the same year. The Industry H-1B visa is not...

...molecular targets under research include TIM-3, LAG-3, STAT-3, EGFR, CD20 and CD73 on specific solid as ...cell-surface antigen production to evade the immune system. 3. Escape - Tumor cells that survive this phase are ... situ before being injected back into the body in 3 doses intravenously. B cells and T cells activated...medicine 10.9 (2004): 942-949. PubMed PMID: 15322536. 3. Dunn, Gavin P., et al. "Cancer immunoediting: from...contributed by guest blogger Subhadra Jayaraman, a doctoral candidate at Binghamton University Cancer is one...Subhadra Jayaraman! Subhadra Jayaraman is currently a doctoral candidate at Binghamton University. She works ...

... 2] or even form obligate tetramers (i.e. DsRed) [3]. This is a problem for fusion proteins. One of the...potential to form large stable polymers of dimers. 3) FRET biosensors that contain two dimerizing FPs can...localize incorrectly and may function improperly. 3. Incorporation into a FRET biosensor A FRET biosensor...DsRed or high affinity FPs such as TagRFP. Problem 3 can be solved, in most cases, by using monomeric FPs...2002. 296(5569): p. 913-6. PubMed PMID: 11988576. 3. Matz, M.V., et al., Fluorescent proteins from nonbioluminescent...from Oregon Health Sciences University, did his postdoctoral fellowship with Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz...

...primer sequences! Primers consist of two regions: the 3’ end binds template DNA for PCR amplification, while...vector sequence between modification sites (see Figure 3), producing multiple fragments with specific homologous...introduced in a gene, while adding a GFP-tag (Figure 3). Achieving multiple modifications requires multiple...not easy to amplify by PCR, so we usually add DMSO (3%) and Betaine (1 M) to the PCR mix. When PCR is not...PubMed PMID: 8346047. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC331480. 3. García-Nafría, Javier, Jake F. Watson, and Ingo H...Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Jake Watson is a postdoctoral researcher in neurophysiology at the MRC Laboratory...

...in blue flame plasmid OCT4-eGFP-PGK-Puro from the Jaenisch lab.   Figure 3: A knockout/knock-in...Figure 1, large sequences corresponding to exons 1 and 3 of the targeted gene have been cloned into the vector...Neomycin resistance (NeoR) gene between exon 1 and 3 of the targeted gene. Upon recombination, the GFP/...resistance marker using Cre recombinase. Since there are 3 loxP sites, recombination can occur in multiple ways...

...podcast from producers Tyler Ford and Eddy Page. 2:00 - 3:55 : Alex introduces himself and explains why he decided...decided to do an MD PhD - it's all in the family. 3:56 - 7:04 : Alex describes the MD PhD process and ...Pathology at Masachusetts General Hospital and Postdoctoral Fellow in the Church and Collins labs at the...

...delivery." Elife 3 (2015): e04766. PubMed PMID: 25497837. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4383097. 3. Kim, Sojung...contributed by guest blogger Chris Richardson, a Postdoctoral Researcher in Jacob Corn’s lab. CRISPR-Cas9 ... optional donor DNA. Chris Richardson is a Postdoctoral Researcher in Jacob Corn’s lab investigating...

...abundant incorporation of cysteine in their proteomes (3). This led to the eventual discovery of a naturally...which can be specifically recognized by the Sep-tRNA. 3. An expression plasmid encoding the ORF to be expressed...PMID: 25514926. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4383998. 3. Li, Tong, et al. "Cysteinyl‐tRNA formation: the last...contributed by guest blogger Natalie Niemi, a postdoctoral fellow at the Morgridge Institute for Research...blogger Natalie Niemi! Natalie Niemi, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow at the Morgridge Institute for Research...

...break membranes outside of their natural context or 3) be modified to extend at different pH levels. Domesticating...Protistology 48, 290–296 (2012). PubMed PMID: 22356923. 3. Polka, J. K. & Silver, P. A. A Tunable Protein Piston...contributed by guest blogger Jessica Polka, a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with Pamela Silver.  Most types...with their environment.   Jessica Polka is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with Pamela Silver in the department...

...terms of communicating ideas. In 2012, for example, 3 billion hours of video were watched each month, in...WeShareScience is a free platform for sharing short, 3 to 5 minute videos about research. Videos can be shared...means for communicating research. Short videos of 3 to 5 minutes provide more than enough time for researchers...by the numbers." Nature 525.7569 (2015): 306-307. 3. Spicer, Scott. "Exploring video abstracts in science...Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin for the Timing of Nocturnal Courtship Vocalization. The video summarizes the...

...“blind” to this very important difference (Figure 3). If you are interested in harnessing the power ... PubMed PMID: 27089539. PubMed PMCID: PMC4835065. 3. Mock, U., Hauber, I. & Fehse, B. Digital PCR to assess...This post was contributed by Scott Findlay, a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Alberta. If you’... out of frame! Scott Findlay is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Alberta. He is interested...

... The detection threshold for these RNA sequences (3 nM), however, was quite high and above what would ... samples at clinically relevant concentrations (1-3 fM; 1x106-fold lower than before), and our combined...PMID: 25417166. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4265554. 3. Pardee, Keith, et al. "Paper-based synthetic gene... switches for pathogen detection In 2014, as postdoctoral fellows with Jim Collins and Peng Yin at the...

...sequence only functions at the extreme C-terminus [3]. You must therefore determine your cloning strategy...PMID: 19819147. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC2784028. 3. Munro, Sean, and H. R. Pelham. "Use of peptide tagging...from Oregon Health Sciences University, did his postdoctoral fellowship with Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz... from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Her doctoral research was conducted in the laboratory of Erik...subcellular environment. Currently, she is a SPIRE postdoctoral fellow at the University of North Carolina at...

...degradation of endogenous proteins (notably, BRD2/3/4, CDK9, TRIM24, FLT3, BTK, and ALK) by linking small...with dTAG-13 at doses as high as 20 µM (see Figures 3 and 5 in Nabet et al., Nature Chemical Biology for...contributed by guest blogger Behnam Nabet, a postdoctoral fellow at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Targeted...studies (Nabet et al.).   Behnam Nabet, PhD is a postdoctoral fellow at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. ...

... strand break), increasing editing efficiencies 2-3-fold. However, the process of double nicking increases...degradation by Cas9 binding, but pegRNAs have an extended 3′ tail containing the reverse transcriptase template...but it cannot drive prime editing. To protect the 3′ end, the Liu lab appended RNA pseudoknots, calling...expressed in eukaryotes, binds and stabilizes the 3′ tail of pegRNAs (Yan et al., 2024). The team fused...for certain edits           ~   3′ RNA pseudoknot (epegRNA) Improve pegRNA stability...prime editing efficiency. Nature Biotechnology, 40(3), 402–410. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01039...post was originally written by Jennifer Tsang in October 2019 and updated by Emily P. Bentley in December...

...PMID: 18295576. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4142810. 3. Mitalipov, S. and D. Wolf, Totipotency, pluripotency...potential of muscle stem cells. Dev Cell, 2001. 1(3): p. 333-42. PubMed PMID: 11702945. 6. Cowan, C.A.... the ectopic expression of four embryonic genes- OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC. iPSCs were first generated...communication and publishing after completing her postdoctoral training from Massachusetts General Hospital...

...understand your proposal to give you proper consideration. 3. Present an easy to follow seminar See item 2. Attendees...? How will your approach resolve this problem? (2-3 sentences) What will be the focus of your first... potential collaborations, critiques of your postdoctoral research, etc. The second question is whether...from Oregon Health Sciences University, did his postdoctoral fellowship with Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz...and now serves as the Director of Student and Postdoctoral Programs at the Janelia Research Campus of the...

... it in. I had just started month 8 of my 3 year Post-Doctoral contract at the University of Cambridge ...this job specifically looked for a researcher with 3 years+ of cancer research experience, a PhD or a Master...

...into Stage 3 or Stage 4 cancer. These later stages of a cancer diagnosis indicate, for Stage 3, that the... for years, or they are exposed even one time. Doctors and researchers don’t entirely understand why some...exposed to asbestos Tests like these will allow doctors not only to detect mesothelioma much earlier, thus...

...evidence you need. For example, as shown in this study [3], hippocampal neurons are activated when the mouse...PMID: 25242321. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4181379. 3. Kheirbek, Mazen A., et al. "Differential control ...retrieval strategies for remote memories. Cell. 2011;147(3):678-89. Pubmed PMID: 22179551. Pubmed Central PMCID...University of Michigan and he is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow in the lab of Mary Jeanne Kreek at the...

...228, no. 2 (2012): 267-75. PubMed PMID: 22767332.  3. Kim, Dohoon, Chun-Hyung Kim, Jung-Il Moon, Young-...PubMed PMID: 19337237. PubMed Central PMCID: 2677165. 3. Jia, Fangjun, Kitchener D. Wilson, Ning Sun, Deepak... deriving human iPS cells." Nature Methods 7, no. 3 (2010): 197-99. PubMed PMID: 20139967. PubMed Central...a 2A peptide polycistronic cassette comprised of OCT4, SOX2, LIN28, NANOG, and a GFP reporter. Minicircles...expression of endogenous pluripotency genes (i.e. Oct4) are other measures of reprogramming. If a retrovirus...plasmids (including reporters and RNAi) for:  NANOG  OCT4 SOX2 MYC KLF4 LIN28 Check out these plasmids if...

...researchers did not have access to a P3 laboratory (BSL-3), a high-security facility needed to perform the experiments...Confirm the expert’s suitability and availability; 3) Make the contact to start a direct collaboration ...IgnacioAmigoH     María Hernández-Sánchez is a postdoctoral researcher at Instituto de Investigación Biomédica...

...stable gRNA than when they inserted the aptamer at the 3’ end of the gRNA. Because of the success of the MS2...can be increased from 2-fold (by CRISPRainbow) to 3-fold with CRISPR-Sirius. Triple color detection With...candidates for further development. They inserted an octet of MS2 hairpins into the gRNA tetraloop and went...

...some impressive videos of these interactions (Ref 3). You can find useful tips on in vivo imaging in our...Research 9.12 (2016): 895-905. PubMed PMID: 27913448. 3. Cai, En, et al. "Visualizing dynamic microvillar ...Relationship” by our guest blogger Subhadra Jayaraman, a doctoral candidate at Binghamton University! Cancer therapeutics...

...symposium on the future of the scientific endeavor October 2-3, 2014 Boston University Jacob Sleeper Auditorium...article - you should join Dr. Bourne in Boston on October 2nd when he will be the keynote speaker for the...

...exchange, the government protects (and often funds [3]) scientists as well as other citizens. Thus civilization...depending on the number of people supporting it.  3) Linking scientists to one particular political party...request of this administration promises more cuts (3, 12, 13, 27). In order to achieve the breakthroughs...active research scientists (scientists who hold a doctorate degree, are currently working full-time, and have...

... cover letter can be found on the Addgene blog.   3. Personal statement brilliance In addition to sending... Letters of recommendation wisdom  Reach out to 2-3 individuals in your professional circle to vouch for...Pierre! Roodolph (Roo) P. St Pierre is currently a doctoral candidate in the Chemical Biology Program at Harvard...

... back to a pluripotent stage (iPSC formation) [2, 3]. The iPSCs then proliferate and redifferentiate to..., 2007. 131(5): p. 861-72. PubMed PMID: 18035408. 3. Takahashi, K. and S. Yamanaka, Induction of pluripotent...converting one cell into another. Cell Stem Cell, 2008. 3(4): p. 382-8. PubMed PMID: 18940730. Additional Resources...involves overexpression of four reprogramming factors- OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC - that induce a differentiated...communication and publishing after completing her postdoctoral training from Massachusetts General Hospital...