We narrowed to 825 results for: org

...Lukas Morgan Model organisms are vital tools used by researchers around the globe. These organisms share...forefront by Thomas Hunt Morgan, who is known as the “father” of Drosophila research. Morgan discovered that genes...one of the simplest eukaryotic organism, is a commonly used model organism in scientific research. Yes, ...Looking for more model organisms? Check out Part two in the popular model organisms series, and read about...this blog post, we’ll cover five popular model organisms, but there are many more out there. The house... start with the most preferred mammalian model organism of many researchers: the mouse (Mus musculus)....Mice have many advantages as a mammalian model organism for scientists as they have a relatively short...

...covered five model organisms in a previous blog post, but here are five more model organisms that have left...emerging model organisms!) Escherichia coli One of the most recognizable and utilized model organisms is Escherichia...as a model organism for over 60 years with a status as the most studied prokaryotic organism. With its ...https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.05826 Blum, M., & Ott, T. (2018). Xenopus: An Undervalued Model Organism to ...Genetic Disease. Cells Tissues Organs, 205(5–6), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1159/000490898 Gibbs, R., ...amphibian model organisms. Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research, 37(4), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.13918...https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04899-x Yokoyama, Maho. (2020, May 28). E. coli as a Model Organism. News-Medical...

...responsibilities Being a leader in an organization, you need to make sure the organization speaks in “one voice” whilst...great organization to develop these leadership skills in particular because every year it organized a “Committee...written a 5-part blog on the topic:  http://blog.addgene.org/management-for-scientists-managing-vs-leading... achieved by volunteering for a professional organization or a scientific society in your field. My leadership... in the long run was most beneficial for the organization as a whole. I came to understand that not only...only was I growing as a leader but the organization was growing too and with that would come necessary... had to be professional as I represented the organization, not just myself as a scientist. I learnt to...

...body is made up of organs, cells comprise compartments and structures, called organelles. Take a sneak peak...fluorescent microscopy - even in living cells and whole organisms. You can take advantage of the many Fluorescent... proteins” which are known to be a part of an organelle or involved in intracellular transport pathways...pathways, it is possible to map the internal organization of a cell. This mapping can be done by using antibodies...for commonly used markers for major mammalian organelles and transport pathways. It is best, though not...that traffics the fluorescent protein to your organelle of interest. Click on the gene names in the figure...Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd Edition. 3.  CureFFI.org. Cell Biology 04: The Secretory Pathway. 4. Dunn...

...populations of transgenic laboratory organisms but not wild organisms. For example, an sgRNA-only drive ...confinement seeks to keep the organisms in the laboratory. It varies by organism, but your local biosafety... Medical School. Scientists making transgenic organisms with Cas9 should be aware of the potential hazards... can spread even when costly. If even a single organism carrying a synthetic gene drive were to escape... extreme caution. Why does making transgenic organisms with Cas9 risk creating a gene drive? The simplest...idea or wanted to build a gene drive in a model organism would find our work and consequently use these...experiments in a geographic area where escaped organisms won't be able to find mates2. For example, ongoing...

...send you daily updates with relevant literature. Organizing the literature As a scientist, you will begin...will ever read. So, you need to come up with an organization system that works for you. I have a folder where...’m still in the dark ages with respect to my organization strategy. There are a number of software options...another option that may help solve your literature organization issues – F1000 just announced the launch of ....  Give your favorite searching, reading and organization tips in the comments below. Additionally, read...

...next R01 is due. But what about organizing yourself and your lab? Organizing your lab notebooks, protocols...you think! Here are three tips to help you get organized and boost your productivity in 2014. Tip 1: Use...and no closer to starting your experiments. Get organized now! Start by gathering that pile of lab notebooks...your tasks on the go Never miss a deadline again. Organize you experiments, keep track of upcoming grant ... clippings, photographs, and file attachments. Organize your notes into notebooks, create checklists that...spreadsheets with lab members Now that you’ve organized your protocols, wouldn’t it be great if you could...reagent storage locations, such as the list used to organize your cryo freezer. No more issues deciphering ...

... model organism blog posts: Five Popular Model Organisms, Part 1 Five Popular Model Organisms, Part 2...diverse organisms. Methods for genetic manipulation still need to be developed for each organism, but researchers...and share all of these new organisms continues to be challenging. Organism specific viral vector systems...programs via Addgene. New organisms for genotype to phenotype studies New organismal systems described at ...and shared for many different organisms. Do you have a favorite organism you study in the lab? Let us ... work but never get to actually manipulate the organism they study (unless if you count normal human interaction...spiny purple sea urchin. It’s not a standard model organism, but it was easy to harvest eggs and sperm, mix...

...PMCID: PMC3531189. Mangone, Marco, et al. "UTRome. org: a platform for 3′ UTR biology in C. elegans." Nucleic...source project that is creating the “first virtual organism in a computer.” This project has produced various..., we have the entire SapTrap toolkit from the Jorgensen lab. SapTrap is a reagent toolkit and plasmid ...repair template of your choosing (Schwartz and Jorgensen, 2016). Using SapTrap, this CRISPR plasmid can...published in a microPublication (Schwartz and Jorgensen, 2018).  These are just some examples of worm ...PMC2238901. Schwartz, Matthew L., and Erik M. Jorgensen. "SapTrap, a toolkit for high-throughput CRISPR...Central PMCID: PMC4905529.  Schwartz, M. L., & Jorgensen, E. M. "SapTrap vectors for introducing point ...

...16), eadg6618. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg6618 Stanton, A. C., Lagerborg, K. A., Tellez, L., Krunnfusz..., 31-50.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2022.11.002 Tabebordbar, M., Lagerborg, K. A., Stanton, A.,...administration, distributing widely throughout the organism to target large or diffuse biological structures...specific application and animal model.  Other model organisms Tropism and efficacy can vary depending on species...target cell type or tissue of interest, and model organism under study. *Many engineered AAVs for mice use...Addgene Capsid Published Tropism Model Organism Mouse Strain-Specific Tropism?  Reference... and shows decreased transduction in off-target organs (Goertsen, Flytzanis, et al., 2022). AAV-PHP.N ...

...different organisms. There are several codons that encode the same amino acid. Each organism, however,...the genetic code is universal, many different organisms actually prefer certain codons over others for... biologist who wants to express genes from one organism in another? Let’s take a look at codon usage and...optimize codons for expression in a particular organism. Why is codon usage important? Translation and...for codon-usage of 257,468 genes across 8,792 organisms (Nakamura et al., 2000).  What is codon optimization...expression by changing synonymous codons based on an organism's codon bias. The idea is that scientists can make...mutations throughout a gene of interest based on an organisms codon usage bias to increase translational efficiency...

...across organisms. When using the MK system, many of the parts can be used in a variety of organisms, saving.... Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46171-2. Resources on Addgene.org Modular Cloning (MoClo... these applications, no matter what your model organism is. MoClo background MoClo is a clever way to...MoClo kit recommendations for different modal organisms and applications.    Plant applications We...libraries and tools available for certain model organisms and backgrounds, MoClo can be invaluable for more... complex editing and screening experiments in organisms that don’t yet have these tools built out. While...many MoClo kits are designed with specific model organisms in mind, others are designed for flexibility. ...

...to mid-sized companies and organizations. Addgene as a nonprofit organization is very considerate and thoughtful... outside an organization The next step is to expand your efforts beyond your organization and/or scientific...people from various organizations in science and beyond. For example, I help organize scientific workshops...guide: Collaborating with others outside your organization also known as external collaborations. Interestingly...the ability to work with others outside one’s organization was found in the aforementioned survey as one... partnerships where we can leverage another organization’s expertise to our mutual benefit.  Our partnership...small: Collaboration opportunities within an organization but outside your comfort zone As part of my ...

...classification While CRISPR systems now seem neatly organized into their respective categories, arriving at ...CRISPR–Cas13. Nature, 550(7675), 280–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24049 Altae-Tran, H., Kannan, S.,...terascale clustering. Science, 382(6673). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi1910 Chylinski, K., Makarova...Nucleic Acids Research, 42(10), 6091–6105. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku241 Cong, L., Ran, F. A., Cox, D... systems. Science, 339(6121), 819–823. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231143 Cox, D. B. T., Gootenberg...-Cas13. Science, 358(6366), 1019–1027. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0180 Harrington, L. B., Burstein... enzymes. Science, 362(6416), 839–842. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav4294 Hu, C., Myers, M. T., Zhou...

...has taken place in other organisms. In many bacteria, unlike other organisms, CRISPR-induced double stranded...diseases have connections to either specific organisms or organism/gene interactions with the host. This scenario...can consider the microbiome as a collection of organisms, their genes, and metabolic processes, occupying...to diseases where the presence of just a single organism, such as Clostridium difficile, could be targeted... This approach successfully targeted specific organisms when using bacteriophages or mobile plasmids in...Pseudomonas species Expanding this tool to other organisms, the Ji lab brought genome and base editing to...genome engineering remains challenging for most organisms in the genus. Work from the Sun lab demonstrates...

... ease of use and utility in a wide variety of organisms.  While much of current CRISPR research focuses... plant species, including commonly used model organisms like Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula and several...universal functionality of the CRISPR system in most organisms, some plant-specific changes to CRISPR components...experimental design principles developed in other model organisms (see our CRISPR guide for common CRISPR principles...sequence) is consistent between plants and other organisms, but the promoter used to drive gRNA expression...your gene of interest into a target cell line or organism (Presented in figure 1). More information on Agrobacterium-mediated...CRISPR/Cas system. Plant Methods 9:39 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-9-39 Gao Q, Xu W, Yan T, Fang...

...to one or a subset of organisms. Examples: “organism agnostic”, “model organisms”, “small genome”, “large...require the organism to be specified and are truly organism agnostic. Other tools require an organism to be ...only one, or a subset of organisms. In only a few cases the software is organism agnostic. Most tools are...tools will be marked as organism agnostic and have currently available organisms listed in this section...input types can be readily converted.  Examples: “organism”, “sequence”, “identifier”, and “load”. Trends... tools also requiring that the user specify an organism. Output diversity: Different tools provide results...large genome”, and “organism biased scoring”. Trends: Many tools can handle genomes of any size and are...

...Therapy: An Overview. Cells, 12(5), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12050785 Murlidharan, G., Samulski...Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2014.00076 References and Resources...the Mouse Brain. PLOS ONE, 8(9), e76310. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076310 Damdindorj, L., Karnan...adeno-associated viral vectors. PLoS ONE, 9(8), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106472 de Backer, M. W. A...Hypothalamus. Human Gene Therapy, 21(6), 673–682. https://doi.org/10.1089/hum.2009.169 Dudek, A. M., Pillay, S., ... Receptor. Journal of Virology, 92(7). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02213-17 Favre, D., Blouin, V., Provost...Journal of Virology, 76(22), 11605–11611. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.22.11605-11611.2002 Griffin, J. ...

... CRISPR-based genome editing in organoids By Ashley Waldron Organoids are three-dimensional cultures that...toolkit for performing genetics studies in organoids. The Organoid EasyTag System is a straightforward workflow...in an organoid model (Sun, et al. 2021).  Figure 1: Example schematic from the Organoid EasyTag...fetal-lung derived organoid system, the approach is intended to be amenable to organoids derived from other...find in this article: CRISPR-based editing in organoid Biosensors for detecting strigolactones The CRISPR... that mimic aspects of organ morphology and physiology in vitro and have emerged as a powerful model for...disease. In order to expand their model’s impact, organoid users have recently begun to develop CRISPR-based...

... a wide range of organisms and cell lines. In C. elegans, one of the model organisms which I use to study...198:1347–1356 . https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.114.170423 Schwartz ML, Jorgensen EM (2018) SapTrap vectors...methods – could greatly streamline editing in other organisms and systems, allowing rapid progress in a wide...Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 198:837–846 . https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.114.169730 Bottcher R, Hollmann...cells. Nucleic Acids Research 42:e89–e89 . https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku289 Chen C, Fenk LA, de Bono M (... Nucleic Acids Research 41:e193–e193 . https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt805 Dickinson DJ, Pani AM, Heppert...Selection Cassette. Genetics 200:1035–1049 . https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.178335 Dokshin GA, Ghanta ...

...which allow AAVs to broadly spread throughout an organism, including difficult-to-target tissues like the...vector cargo designs and administration doses. Don't forget to submit your validation data after your experiment...serotypes. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 20927. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05518-8 Bish, L. T., Morine,...Human Gene Therapy, 19(12), 1359–1368. https://doi.org/10.1089/hum.2008.123 Chan, K. Y., Jang, M. J., ...Nature Neuroscience, 20(8), 1172–1179. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4593  Dhungel, B. P., Xu, H., Nagarajah... viruses. Cell, S0092-8674(25)00692-0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.026 Halbert, C. L., Allen...Journal of Virology, 75(14), 6615–6624. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.14.6615-6624.2001 Han, Z., Luo, ...

...genetic code is used by most organisms on Earth, but different organisms have different preferences for...codons are used preferentially in which organisms - organisms have codon usage bias. You can find many...peptide of interest and produce that peptide in your organism of choice. Unfortunately, codon preferences make...and expect your sequence to express well in any organism. So what are the evolutionary constraints that... do about them? Read on to find out!   Why do organisms have different codon usage biases? The reasons...reasons for varied codon preferences among organisms aren’t completely understood, but some possible reasons... tRNAs with the appropriate amino acids. If an organism uses only a subset of codons, it only needs to...

...many organisms. When supplemented with adenine analogs such as 2-fluoroadenine (2-FA), organisms with ...Zurich. He is fascinated by how organisms exquisitely and robustly self-organize at the cellular and multicellular...Plant Cell 25:1507–1522 . https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.112235 Morgens DW, Deans RM, Li A, Bassik MC (...Fortunately, researchers studying plants and other organisms lacking this innate immunity need not worry and...different genes known to be required for viability (Morgens et al., 2016). Only upon combining the data generated...plants Once you’ve introduced your RNAi into your organism, how do you identify the actively silenced ones... of APT and any gene target of interest, only organisms that are actively silencing to a sufficient degree...

... Ref BphP-based FPs miRFP670 https://www.addgene.org/79987/ 642 670 87,400 14.0 198 Monomer  155...155 4.5 72 5 miRFP703 https://www.addgene.org/79988/ 674 703 90,900 8.6 127 Monomer 394 4.5 37 ... miRFP709 https://www.addgene.org/79989/ 683 709 78,400 5.4 69 Monomer 192 4.5 30 mIFP https://www.addgene.org...112 Monomer 54 4.5 15  15 miRFP https://www.addgene.org/108409/ 674 703 92,400 9.7 145 Monomer ND ...ND 4.3 ND 16 IFP2.0 e https://www.addgene.org/54785/ 688 709 98,000 8.1 128 Dimer 108 4.5 8  17 ... iRFP670 https://www.addgene.org/45457/ 643 670 114,000 12.2 225 Dimer 290 4.0 119 18 iRFP682 https...https://www.addgene.org/45459/ 663 682 90,000 11.1 162 Dimer 490 4.5 105 iRFP702 https://www.addgene.org...

... fluorescent protein somebody made because they forgot it was already in the freezer… you get the idea...Various Many Complicated   Applications Organic dyes are typically both brighter and more photostable...imaging of ER and mitochondria reveals dynamic organelle interactions. a) Labeling scheme. b) COS-7 cell...at a price, though. Purchasing lots and lots of organic dyes or specialized ligands is more expensive than...ligands brings up bad memories of undergraduate organic chemistry lab, don’t worry – many SNAP-tag and ...Nature Communications, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10778  Erdmann, R. S., Baguley, S...Cell Chemical Biology, 26(4), 584-592.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.01.003  Gallagher, S. S...

...reagents to use - organic solvents and detergents.  Organic Solvents  As mentioned above, organic solvents can... for use with this type of fixation*. Organic Solvents Organic solvents, generally acetone, methanol,...types of fixatives - chemical cross-linkers and organic solvents.  Chemical Cross-Linkers Chemical cross-linkers...quite as well as a cross-linker. This is because organic solvents can be quite harsh - lipids and soluble...disrupt your target epitope (Fig. 1). So, while organic solvents may improve antibody binding for some ...targets, they can destroy it for others. That said, organic solvents’ impact on lipids means that they are ...and permeabilize a sample. But you can also use organic solvents after fixing your sample with a cross-...

...host response. Nat Methods 13:868–874 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3993  Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D, Lin ...CRISPR/Cas Systems. Science 339:819–823 .https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231143  Cox DBT, Gootenberg JS... CRISPR-Cas13. Science 358:1019–1027 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0180  Fine EJ, Appleton CM, ...compact expression cassettes. Sci Rep 5: . https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10777  Garneau JE, Dupuis M-È, Villion...bacteriophage and plasmid DNA. Nature 468:67–71 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09523  Ibraheim R, Song C-Q, Mir ...meningitidis Cas9 in vivo. Genome Biol 19: . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1515-0  Kim E, Koo T, Park SW... Campylobacter jejuni. Nat Commun 8: . https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14500  Levy JM, Yeh W-H, Pendse N...

...and biomedical scientists (see: bioRxiv.org or medRxiv.org) in the past few years.   Figure 1: Stand...fields like math and physics for decades (see: arXiv.org), but have been only adopted by biological and...their CV or grant applications. A number of organizations (such as ASAPbio) advocate for preprints, and...manuscript to a journal for formal peer review. Some organizations, including some journals, also support open ...general public (say, policymakers or community organizations) to use your work but don’t think they’ll have...here at Addgene! Along with other open-science organizations, we support scientists in sharing their results...out there and finish that experiment (and don’t forget the controls!). And when you’re ready to write ...

... Nature Biotechnology, 41(5), 663–672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-022-01532-7 Gaudelli, N. M., Komor... cleavage. Nature, 551(7681), 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24644 Gaudelli, N. M., Lam, D. K.... Nature Biotechnology, 38(7), 892–900. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0491-6 Grünewald, J., Zhou, ... Nature Biotechnology, 38(7), 861–864. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0535-y Kim, Y. B., Komor, A.... Nature Biotechnology, 35(4), 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3803 Koblan, L. W., Doman, J. L., Wilson... Nature Biotechnology, 36(9), 843–846. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4172 Komor, A. C., Kim, Y. B., Packer... cleavage. Nature, 533(7603), 420–424. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17946 Komor, A. C., Zhao, K. T., ...

...over-express coding sequences from a given cell type or organism, have been used in a similar manner to Cas9 activators...lines (HEK293T, MCF7, U2-OS, Hela, N2A, 3T3) and organisms (Chavez et al., 2016). To learn more about the...CRISPR–Cas9 screens. Nature 568:511–516 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1103-9 Bialek JK, Dunay GA, ...Activator Systems. PLoS ONE 11:e0158294 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158294 Chari R, Mali P, Moosburner...library-on-library approach. Nat Methods 12:823–826 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3473 Chavez A, Scheiman J, Vora S... programming. Nat Methods 12:326–328 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3312 Chavez A, Tuttle M, Pruitt BW...multiple species. Nat Methods 13:563–567 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3871 Gilbert LA, Horlbeck MA, Adamson...

...capability of transforming the genetic code of living organisms and its societal implications even before the ...pneumoniae bacteria could be transformed from one organism to the other. This is now famed as the Griffith...about other genome editing methods Resources on Addgene.org Visit our CRISPR guide Find CRISPR plasmids ...breaks or donor DNA. Nature 576:149–157 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4 Avery OT, MacLeod CM,... of Experimental Medicine 79:137–158 . https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.79.2.137 Carroll D (2011) Genome Engineering...Zinc-Finger Nucleases. Genetics 188:773–782 . https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.131433 Doudna JA, Charpentier...with CRISPR-Cas9. Science 346:1258096 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258096 Gaudelli NM, Komor AC, ...

...https://www.addgene.org/collections/mammalianrnai/","href_with_scheme":"https://www.addgene.org/collections...2004). MicroRNAs. Cell, 116(2), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00045-5 De Rie, D., Abugessaisa... Nature Biotechnology, 35(9), 872–878. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3947 Fire, A., Xu, S., Montgomery, ...Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature, 391(6669), 806–811. https://doi.org/10.1038/35888  Iwakawa, H., & Tomari, Y. (2021)...complex. Molecular Cell, 82(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.026 Kilikevicius, A., ...Nucleic Acids Research, 50(2), 617–634. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1256 Lee, Y., Kim, M., Han, J.,.... The EMBO Journal, 23(20), 4051–4060. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600385 McIntyre, G. J., & Fanning...

...6936. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.73.8.6930-6936.1999. PMID: 10400791. Kafri, T., Morgan, D., Krahl, T...viral promoters. Mol Ther, 7(4), 526–534. https:/doi.org/10.1016/S1525-0016(03)00023-6. PMID: 12727116. ...Emerg Microbes Infect, 8(1), 1679–1687. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1690953. PMID: 31749409. ...Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.02523-X. Hofmann, C....Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95(19), 11377. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.95.19.11377. PMID: 9736744. Kremer...Complex. PLoS Pathog, 11(6), e1004821. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004821. PMID: 26042599. Pereira... Pathol Suppl (R Coll Pathol)., 6, 39. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.s3-6.1.39. PMID: 4376152. Rowe, W. ...

...of a conoid. PLoS Biology 19:e3001020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001020  Chen F, Tillberg ...Expansion microscopy. Science 347:543–548. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260088 Damstra HG, Mohar B, Eddison...Expansion Microscopy (TREx). Elife 11:e73775. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.73775  Dani A, Huang B, Bergan J,...Synapses in the Brain. Neuron 68:843–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.021  Gambarotto D, Zwettler...microscopy (U-ExM). Nat Methods 16:71–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0238-1  Klimas A, Gallagher ...expansion microscopy. Nat Biotechnol 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-022-01546-1  Mikhaylova M, Cloin...anti-tubulin nanobodies. Nat Commun 6:7933. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8933  M’Saad O, Bewersdorf J (2020...

...partnerships with like-minded individuals and organizations, like the Allen Institute, to achieve greater...together. The Allen Institute is a research organization that is committed to understanding some of the...false,"url":{"content_id":null,"href":"https://www.addgene.org/depositor-collections/allen-institute-aav-enhancers...-enhancers/","href_with_scheme":"https://www.addgene.org/depositor-collections/allen-institute-aav-enhancers...reliable tools to help carry out that research. Organizations like the Allen Institute are committed to just...genetic access to cortical cell types. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.05.002 Hunker, A. C., Wirthlin...striatal cell types and circuits. Neuron https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2025.04.035 Graybuck, L. T., Daigle...

...in mice. J Clin Invest 118:1955–1964 . https://doi.org/10.1172/jci34316 Bak RO, Porteus MH (2017) CRISPR-Mediated...Donor Vectors. Cell Reports 20:750–756 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.064  Carvalho LS, Turunen...Retinal Targeting. Front Neurosci 11: . https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00503  Chamberlain K, Riyad .... Human Gene Therapy Methods 27:1–12 . https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2015.140 Frischmeyer PA (2002) An ...Termination Codons. Science 295:2258–2261 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067338 Ghosh A, Yue Y, Lai Y, ...Manner. Molecular Therapy 16:124–130 . https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mt.6300322 Halbert CL, Allen JM, Miller...larger gene. Nat Biotechnol 20:697–701 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0702-697 Hirsch ML, Agbandje-McKenna...

... a variety of functions that allow their host organisms to thrive in competitive environments. The genes...the competition, and Penicillium isn’t the only organism that knows it. Some bacteria possess plasmid-borne...encode genes that allow the host to infect other organisms. If you’ve ever wondered why E. coli is safe to...means to deliver DNA and other molecules to host organisms. For instance, vectors derived from the Agrobacterium...like by living where no one else wants to. Some organisms manage this with plasmids that allow them to eat... eat unusual substrates that other organisms can’t use. Other plasmids offer resistance to toxic substances... which protect the host from attacks by other organisms. To conserve energy, these specialized degradative...

...editing. Nucleic Acids Research 47:e23–e23. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky1286 Hilton IB, D’Ippolito AM, Vockley...enhancers. Nature Biotechnology 33:510–517 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3199 Find plasmids from this publication...genome. Nature Biotechnology 35:561–568 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3853 Find plasmids from this publication...fusion protein. Nature Communications 8: . https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16026 Find plasmids from this publication...Mammalian Genome. Cell 167:233–247.e17 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.056 Find plasmids from ...proteins. Nature Biotechnology 31:1137–1142 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2726 Find plasmids from this publication... methylation. Biology Open 5:866–874 . https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.019067 Find plasmids from this publication...

... post was originally written in 2014 by Kendall Morgan and updated in 2022 by Lucie Wilson. Lucie is an...used to generate mutations in a wide range of organisms, but its potential to efficiently correct disease...functional correction of the gene in clonally expanded organoids. “CRISPR in adult stem cells has huge potential...potential, because the genomes of adult stem cells in organoid cultures are stable,” said Gerald Schwank, first..., however, because the disease affects multiple organ systems. Nevertheless, the findings are proof-of-principle...therapy.” Journal of cellular physiology.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.30064 2. Barman et al. 2020. “A glance...CRISPR-Cas9 technology.” Current genetics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-019-01040-3 3. Khatibi et al. 2021...

...zebrafish left-right organizer development. PLoS Genetics, 19(5), e1010765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen...7), 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-023-01214-0. Preprint on bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.26.509516...Optogenetics gives you the power to control cells or organisms with the flip of a switch. You may be familiar...chromosomes during mitosis, support transport of organelles and vesicles, and more. Although several strategies...family proteins support vesicle trafficking and organelle dynamics, but with dozens of family members and...forming the cilia that help establish left-right organization of the embryo (Aljiboury et al., 2023). It’s...Vectors 101: Optogenetics Additional resources on Addgene.org Optogenetics Guide Optogenetics Plasmids References...

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...), 756–761. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4265.  Additional resources on addgene.org Find Optogenetics ...and optogenetic tools exist, humans (like many organisms) are opaque, which makes most biomedical applications...There is a variety of research on whether and how organisms respond to magnetic fields (Karki et al., 2021...sometimes seen controversy, and the interactions of organic molecules like proteins with magnetic fields generally...magnetic responses of cryptochrome proteins or organic fluorophores (Karki et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2011... Biophysical Journal, 116(3), 454–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.003.  Frank Hayward, R., ...brightness of fluorescent proteins. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11406498. andrewgyork.github.io/...

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...institutions.  What is the UBMTA, you ask? Well, organizations used to negotiate individual MTAs every time...standardized terms makes it a lot easier for organizations to make policy decisions on research use agreements...2023, we facilitated 784,795 MTAs with 8,798 organizations in 111 countries. From 2019 to 2023, we averaged...Addgene parlance, the depositor and requestor) organizations. Over the last twenty years, we’ve developed...When you deposit a plasmid with Addgene, your organization’s tech transfer office is sent a deposit agreement...distributed. In signing this agreement, your organization agrees to let Addgene receive, store, and distribute...individual MTAs for each request, the depositing organization signs one form that can be used for every MTA...