...genes important for mesoderm differentiation Now, let's turn tinman and bagpipe, two genes important for...protein Groucho, a transcriptional co-repressor important in development. Groucho family proteins are found...Dana Farber Cancer Institute! Sonic Hedgehog, an important regulator of embryonic development The largest...video game character but rather to an extremely important gene in animal development. To understand where...1997). We have a lot of plasmids that contain components of the SB transposon system including those from...but think again. Spaghetti squash is actually a component of the fly actomyosin cytoskeleton that regulates...regulates cellular contraction. This network is composed of actin and myosin which interact with each other...

... do so have been hindered by a lack of tools, compounds, and assays to monitor activation of these receptors...to easily design, generate, and test constructs composed of complex genetic elements. To demonstrate the...protein-coding genes, and is unique in that it is composed of two sub-pools. The first is a base “90k library...and to deal with the increasing variety of new compounds being generated, there is a need for genetic optimization...identifying and studying interaction networks is important to detemine how these systems work. Researchers...identified through transcriptome sequencing. Importantly, results obtained using TRIBE compared favorably...auxotrophic markers. Read more about the Ralser lab's important new tool for the yeast community in their open...

...target genome. They did this by selecting the important elements from existing transposon and vector systems...Mitochondrial health, transport and turnover are important features to be monitored to study mitochondrial...of oxidation (dehydrogenation). MitoTimers are composed of a Timer protein fused to the mitochondrial ...cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIII, so that they can be imported to the mitochondrial matrix. Gottlieb’s lab has...mitochondria in the networks marks the differences in import of newly synthesized (green) protein and organelles...May 1;126(Pt 9):2102-13. Assemble multiple component plasmids from building blocks via Golden GATEway...existing elements. DNA sequences for a desired component are cloned into Golden Gate entry vectors via ...

...Stanford University. Sex and gender are critical components of biological research that are often forgotten...into research. Why are sex and gender analysis important? Doing research wrong costs lives and money. According... goal of gendered innovations It is crucially important to get the research right from the beginning. ...unique to male stem cells. Nor did they detect important differences in function between male and female...many factors that interact with sex, and it’s important to analyze these factors during an experiment....include sex in experimental design Recognizing the importance of analyzing sex, the National Institutes of ... tissues—when that information is reliable—is important to ensuring excellence in basic research.  In ...

...one receptor, so it is important to fully characterize the compound, or compounds, you choose to ensure...Targeted and specific delivery becomes especially important for studies in neuroscience where specific tissues...neuron need to be targeted. Targeting is also important in the development of therapies when expression...Picking Ligands Picking the right ligand is also important for building a chemogenetic system. Your experiment...cellular response you aim to manipulate. It is important to consider that the same receptor can elicit ...pharmacodynamic actions of clozapine-N-oxide, clozapine, and compound 21 in DREADD-based chemogenetics in mice. Scientific...

...about it! Split Cas9 system The Cas9 protein is composed of an n-terminal DNA recognition domain and a ...self-assembly. In an effort to obtain even more precise temporal control of gene knockout or activation, the c-...)-FRB-NES). This system provides users greater temporal control over CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome modification...activation allows scientists to spatially and temporally control which genes are turned on or off in a...principle of protein multimerization is seen in many important biological contexts, such as the enhancement of... Understanding intracellular pH regulation is important as pH regulation has roles in many cellular functions....0043072. Photoswitchable tools for spatial and temporal control of cell events Three years ago, Brian ...

...weekend - why? Do they have an important plans? What is most important to each person? Someone has to...big conference - Is one of those options more important to you and why? What are their expectations/... you. Her feedback on your manuscript is more important to you than collecting your images this week. ...scenario where both people get something valuable. Importantly, as the third example shows, the ultimate resolution... the need to be thoughtful about what is most important to each person. It can especially be difficult... that partner with Addgene. What are the most important issues for our partners and how can Addgene work...differences is a crucial part of understanding what is important to people so that you can approach negotiations...

...Effects on protein function and cellular components: It's important to assess how dye-conjugation affects...enable highly specific visualization of cellular components, typically a protein of interest. Fluorescent... function and its propensity to bind cellular components. Some dyes target specific organelles like mitochondria... interpretation of experimental results. It's important to consider how dyes can influence receptor conformation...wavelengths for green, red, and far-red dyes is important for intracellular fluorescence live imaging ​​(...from cells under certain conditions, which is an important consideration for assay design (Breen et al., ..., 2016). When selecting dyes, it's important to test them under experimental conditions. Common issues...

...are the various tools and components necessary to run it? And, most importantly, what are the methodological...show causality in neural circuits with incredible temporal and spatial precision (I’m not going to discuss...Deciding how you want to use optogenetics The most important question to consider is what exactly do you want...cell type of interest is obviously of critical importance to any optogenetic experiment. There are numerous...of North Carolina) that offer his constructs. Importantly, control viruses (not expressing the opsin) are...for successful optical stimulation.  It is also important to note that some promoters are so robust they...next week’s post we’ll delve into some of the important materials science considerations for your optogenetics...

...of the independent variable you are testing. Importantly, they demonstrate the functionality of your experimental...non-independent variables.  To illustrate the importance of control plasmids, we will take a step beyond... the transfection reagents and process. It is important to note that optimal experimental conditions, ...Control (mentioned above) could also serve as an important negative control. In this context, the empty vector...interpretation of the results because it provides an important reference point when analyzing the specificity... same time. Although the replicate control is important, it speaks to the consistency of the reagents ...controls are more time consuming and ultimately more important. Ideally, each biological replicate should use...

...microtubule-cutting sword Microtubules are one of the most important components of the cytoskeleton. They provide cells ... if you’re interested in that other most-important component of the cytoskeleton – actin? Actin dynamics... example, microtubule-destabilizing drugs are impossible to target to specific subcellular regions, laser...manipulating Rho GTPases based on BcLOV4. These single-component systems take advantage of BcLOV4’s light-induced...powerful enough, what about altering the chemical composition of the membrane itself? The Baskin Lab previously...K. H., & Chow, B. Y. (2022). Designing Single-Component Optogenetic Membrane Recruitment Systems: The ...

...aligns with your interests. We've outlined some important factors to consider and summarize helpful advice...featured in "9 Tips to Achieve Success in Academia". Important factors to consider when choosing a research project... project After joining a lab, the next important decision to make is “What project will I work on?” In...typically require a diverse set of skills. It is important to know who in the lab and/or what facilities ...principal investigators Tom Ellis highlights the importance of keeping up-to-date with the literature of ...aligns with your dreams. He also highlights the importance of combining “new discoveries or technologies...will be fresh as well.” Don't underestimate the importance of choosing a solid research topic and approach...

...replicate the results of another’s work, it may be impossible to determine precisely how the methods were implemented...result after conducting a replication study. An important difference between the original setting and the...genetic variation, or different handling can all be important.  If we eliminate the problems above: unclear ...research finding we can be more certain that some important, previously unknown variable actually makes a ...all too often glossed over. This is why it is important to be able to look under the hood at the raw data... versus control, and you think there are four important times to measure that growth rate, you report ...everyone agrees that the research questions are important enough to be answered and the methods are appropriate...

...is mediated via individual neurons. Neurons are composed of a cell body, with dendrites receiving incoming...tracing experiments, brain tissue is injected with compounds that intracellularly spread away from the site...including dendritic and axonal extensions and, most importantly, any connections the neurons make to other distant...distant brain areas. It is desirable for tracing compounds to outline neurons in the direction of information...proteins facilitate transport of neuronal tracing compounds and this is an area that requires further study... neuronal tracing methods Traditional tracing compounds either produce a colorimetric product or are fluorescent...health. Another limitation of traditional tracing compounds is that their diffusion across the synaptic cleft...

...what comes next. To that end, one of the most important things that you can do now is diversify. Read ... position! Conferences One of the single most important things you can do to plan for your career is to... Speaking of jobs, it seems like an obviously important experience, but far too many students and young...opportunity to make a personal connection; the importance of which will be elaborated on later. As for ...can search for jobs, post your CV, and, most importantly, manage your professional network. This is probably...box (most likely your lab, in this case). It is important to realize that you have to take responsibility...LinkedIn and other popular job site webpages. Importantly, find a good mentor that can share relevant experience...

...tool like an ELN. It is nevertheless critically important to be able to conveniently reference specific ...research is incomplete, making it difficult or impossible to reproduce. As the graphic depicts, RSpace ... reproducibility. For example, it’s possible to import Word documents into RSpace, maintaining the original...also possible to capture Slack conversations and import them into RSpace. The kind of informal conversations...protocols.io, and then link to a selected protocol and/or import and convert it into RSpace. The reverse flow is...ELN from which the data came.  The ability to re-import data from repositories back into ELNs would also...electronic lab notebook Watch a livestream of the Minisymposium on Reproducibility Read all blog posts about...

...nervous system. The fly has also emerged as an important human disease model with potential for therapeutic... scientists to easily control the level and spatiotemporal expression of a gene of interest. This type...due to their simplicity, yeast have become an important experimental model in the study of neurological...be used to easily screen multiple therapeutic compounds in one experiment. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Since... 1960s, the zebrafish has gradually become an important model organism. They share about 70% of their ...method that uses heat induction to control the temporal expression of different transgenes, the Stainer... "From Saccharomyces cerevisiae to human: The important gene co‑expression modules." Biomedical Reports...

...mammals (2). How can we begin to understand the importance of any of these phosphorylation events on the...5). Optimization of this system defined three components required for translation (Figure 1): A tRNA ...the pSer-incorporated polypeptide. These three components were shown to effectively incorporate phosphoserine... the phosphoserine OTS, Sep-OTS, contains the components required for the translation of pSer-incorporated...host strain for pSer-incorporation The second component necessary for phosphoserine incorporation is a.... Beyond these standard considerations, it is important to determine how much phosphorserine has actually...same expression plasmid. This is a particularly important control when creating a phosphoserine-incorporation...

...around in the lab.  Let’s take a look at the key components of transposons, how they are classified, and ... in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.  Components of a transposon system Transposon: The transposon...2021). Target site preference and host range are important to consider when selecting a transposon for a ...CRISPR-Cas system. This system has four major components: 1) a CRISPR RNA (crRNA), 2) four proteins (TniQ...transposon insertion in bacterial genomes. A) Components of the INTEGRATE system. B) Mechanisms of RNA-guided...prokaryotic genomes. They require just two key components, the transposon’s DNA sequence and its transposition...Sandoval-Villegas N, Nurieva W, Amberger M, Ivics Z (2021) Contemporary Transposon Tools: A Review and Guide through...

...as a striking example of the applicability and importance of research in basic biology, medicine, epidemiology...of what you’re getting yourself into is really important.  As you’re talking to people, though, try to ...fundamental understanding of what you’re working on is important! Better than leaving yourself in the dark, but... Erika Moore in Science Careers discusses the importance of building a network of mentors. Explore available...their abilities and qualifications. Studies on imposter syndrome have also found that it is more common..., Kroeper KM, Murphy MC (2019) Feeling Like an Imposter: The Effect of Perceived Classroom Competition...1948550619882032 Chrousos GP, Mentis A-FA (2020) Imposter syndrome threatens diversity. Science 367:749.2...