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Showing: 1 - 20 of 64 results
  1. Plasmids 101: Terminators and PolyA signals

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    Blog Post
    ...fall under two general categories: rho-dependent and rho-independent. Rho factor is a helicase which assists...polymerase in the termination of the transcript. Rho-dependent terminators are not usually employed in...Nearly all common bacterial expression plasmids use Rho-independent terminators, which include naturally ...engineered high-efficiency terminators such as T0. Rho-independent termination is also known as intrinsic...conserved secondary structure and sequence conserved Rho-independent termination annotation for 90 bacterial...structure to induce transcript cleavage, similar to the Rho-independent termination found in prokaryotes. This...Polymerase I uses a process similar to the prokaryotic Rho-dependent mechanism, whereas Polymerase II termination...
  2. New Optogenetic Tools for Cytoskeleton and Membrane Control

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    Blog Post
    ...movement, and more, often driven by Rho family signaling pathways. Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factors...GEFs ITSN1, TIAM1, or p63RhoGEF (which activate the Rho GTPases Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA, respectively) using...  Figure 2: Opto-RhoGEFs to control Rho GTPase activity. A) Schematic of Opto-RhoGEF design and activity...depending on the specific Rho GTPase/GEF pair (Ridley, 2016). Taking control of a RhoGEF is a great way to stimulate... J. (2023). Opto-RhoGEFs, an optimized optogenetic toolbox to reversibly control Rho GTPase activity on...factors (GEFs) activate their partner Rho GTPase, leading to behaviors like lamellipodia or filopodia formation...membrane-recruitment optogenetic tools for manipulating Rho GTPases based on BcLOV4. These single-component systems...
  3. Channelrhodopsins with improved light sensitivity for minimally-invasive optogenetics

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    Blog Post
    ... shines on excitatory channelrhodopsin-expressing neurons, the channelrhodopsins respond by opening and...deliver channelrhodopsins to the brain. This delivery route concentrates lots of channelrhodopsins in one...since current channelrhodopsins tools have low conductance, but also confines channelrhodopsin activation...conductance compared to current channelrhodopsins. Their new channelrhodopsins, called ChRgers, make the brain...engineering channelrhodopsins There are three main challenges to engineering channelrhodopsins to have improved...to predict if a channelrhodopsin sequence would result in a functional channelrhodopsin, as well as predict... predict which channelrhodopsins from a library of ~120,000 predicted channelrhodopsin sequences would...
  4. Ras Pathway

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    Collection
    ...enriched in brain RHO RHOA RHOB RHOC Ras homolog family member ROCK ROCK1 ROCK2 Rho associated coiled-...receptor tyrosine kinase ARHGAP35 Rho GTPase activating protein 35 ARHGEF2 Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange...RAC2 RAC3 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac) RAF AFAF BRAF...leucine-rich repeat scaffold protein SOS SOS1 SOS2 SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor SPRED SPRED1 SPRED2...
  5. Quick Guide to Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins

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    Blog Post
    ... L. Direct multiplex imaging and optogenetics of Rho GTPases enabled by near-infrared FRET. Nat Chem Biol...blue-light controlled optogenetics, such as channelrhodopsins and tools based on light-oxygen-voltage (LOV...
  6. Immunology Research Plasmids and Resources

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    Collection
    ...RAC1 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1) MGC111543...RAC2 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2) EN-7, Gx,...RAC3 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3) - RASGRP3...RAC3 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3) - RAF1 v-...MGC131774, NFKB3, p65 RHOA ras homolog gene family, member A ARH12, ARHA, RHO12, RHOH12 SOS1 son of sevenless...
  7. Cre-lox system

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    Collection
    ...subset of cells under a more specific promoter (e.g. Rho-Cre is expressed in the retina). Fluorescent Cre:...Tamoxifen inducible CAG Mammalian Cepko 13779 pRho-Cre Cre-Myc rhodopsin Mammalian Cepko 13780 pNrl-Cre Cre-Myc...
  8. FLEx Technology and Optogenetics: Flipping the switch on gene expression with high spatial and temporal resolution

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    Blog Post
    ...Microbial rhodopsins are encoded by opsin genes, and include bacteriorhodopsins, halorhodopsins, and channelrhodopsins... 50 years ago with the discovery of microbial rhodopsins, light-sensitive proteins that absorb photons...light (Zhang et al., 2011). What do microbial rhodopsins and neurons have in common? Neuronal stimulations...when hit with the correct wavelength, microbial rhodopsins enable ions to flow across the axon’s membrane... 2012). For example, blue light activates channelrhodopsins that, in turn, trigger neural excitation, ..., whereas yellow light activates halorhodopsins to silence neuronal activity (Figure 1) (Wiegert et al...genetically modified viruses encoding microbial rhodopsins into specific cerebral regions. The resulting...
  9. Viral Vectors 101: Voltage Indicators

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    Blog Post
    ..., the JEDI-2P is an excellent choice. Rhodopsin GEVIs Rhodopsin is composed of an opsin (a GPCR) linked...are two flavors of rhodopsin GEVIs. The first is a two-in-one system where rhodopsin functions as both ...second type of these GEVIs: a FP-fused rhodopsin. FP-fusion to rhodopsin resulted in electrochromic FRET capable..., with rhodopsin quenching the added fluor for this two-part fluorescent system, and rhodopsin still functioning... 2 main groups: voltage sensitive domains and Rhodopsin containing GEVIs. Chemigenetic sensors are better...exceeds that of the VSD GEVIs. However, since rhodopsin proteins were initially evolved for ion transport... functioning as the voltage sensor. FP-rhodopsin GEVIs have been engineered to have kinetics comparable...
  10. Hot Plasmids - October 2022

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    Blog Post
    ... of light-gated potassium channelrhodopsins, named Kalium channelrhodopsins (KCRs), from a fungus-like...-2P Novel class of light-gated potassium channelrhodopsins Myc-tag antibody anti-c-Myc [9E10] now available...   Novel class of light-gated potassium channelrhodopsins by: Mike Lacy New work from the labs of Mingshan... attempts to engineer potassium-selective channelrhodopsins. HcKCR1 has a maximum absorption of 540 nm...plasmids here!   Govorunova EG, et al. Kalium channelrhodopsins are natural light-gated potassium channels...
  11. Plasmids for Optogenetics Research

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    ...opsins, such as the Halorhodopsins, Archaerhodopsins and Leptosphaeria rhodopsins, are pumps that can ... as an optogenetic tool is the widely used Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . ...cations to flow into the cell. Variants of channelrhodopsin have been engineered or identified to increase...
  12. Viral Vectors 101: Optogenetic Tools

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    Blog Post
    ...light-activated tool for controlling neuronal activity, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a blue light-activated cation channel...Light-gated ion channels Light activated ion channels (rhodopsins) either excite or inhibit neuronal activity upon...endogenous light-sensitive receptors, like mammalian rhodopsin, and the intracellular domain of an endogenous...   Figure 3: Chimeric OptoXR incorporating rhodopsin undergoes a conformational change when exposed...Ollig, D., Hegemann, P., & Bamberg, E. (2003). Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective...
  13. 22 Hot Plasmid Technologies from 2014

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    Blog Post
    ... with Mark Howarth. Shining a light on channelrhodopsins – Chronos & Chrimson Through de novo sequencing...Boyden’s lab has identified a variety of new channelrhodopsins for use as optogenetics tools. These tools...tools include a pair of channelrhodopsins, Chronos and Chrimson, which have enabled the group to perform ...The paper describes five previously unknown channelrhodopsins from different species: Stigleoclonium helveticum...and has faster kinetics than those of other channelrhodopsins. CnChR1, nicknamed Chrimson, is the first ...first reported yellow-peaked channelrhodopsin with a spectral peak at 590 nm, which is 45 nm more red-shifted...
  14. The Materials Science of Optogenetics Experiments

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    ...stimulation         In the video above, Channelrhodopsin 2 (Chr2) has been expressed in the motor cortex...For example, the light-gated cation channel, Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), exists in several states: closed...coordination by Gi/o protein-coupled vertebrate rhodopsin in cerebellar Purkinje cells. The Journal of biological...PMID: 22157972. 3. Britt JP, et al. Use of channelrhodopsin for activation of CNS neurons. Current protocols...
  15. Better Dyeing Through Chemistry & Small Molecule Fluorophores

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    ... classic small molecule fluorophores, such as rhodamines (Figure 2a), were discovered in the 19th century...structure have yielded commercial panels of advanced rhodamine fluorophores, such as the Alexa Fluor and ATTO... brightness and photostability of the classic rhodamines and their analogs without sacrificing their small...advanced imaging modalities. Follow him on twitter @rhodamine110.   References 1. Liu, Zhe, Luke D. Lavis, and...
  16. A Primer on Optogenetics: Introduction and Opsin Delivery

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    ...standard opsins (see table above) include Channelrhodopsin2 (Chr2), a blue-light sensitive non-specific...and subsequent firing of an action potential. Halorhodopsins (HR) are green/yellow-light sensitive chloride...inhibition of action potential generation. Archaerhodopsin (Arch) is activated at a similar spectrum as...PMC3337962. 8. Zhao S, et al. Cell type-specific channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice for optogenetic dissection...
  17. AAV Viral Preps

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    ...DREADDs PSAMs Optogenetics Channelrhodopsins Halorhodopsins Archaerhodopsins Recombinases Cre Flp Dre Biosensors...
  18. Choosing Your Fluorescent Proteins for Multi-Color Imaging

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    Blog Post
    ...Chroma Spectra Viewer comparing a standard Cy3 or Rhodamine filter set (Chroma #49004) to the spectra of both...mCherry. In general, filter sets designed for Rhodamine / Cy3 will work better with shorter wavelength...filter set, designed for DAPI / Fluorescein / Rhodamine / Cy5 (e.g. Semrock's) and the similar 4-laser...
  19. It’s Bioelectric! An Exciting Interdisciplinary Field of Research

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    Blog Post
    ...metagenomically discovered marine anion-conducting channelrhodopsin used as a sensitive fluorescent voltage indicator...Hyperpolarizing chloride channel SwiChr++ - A channelrhodopsin converted into a chloride-conducting anion... step-function artificial anion conducting channelrhodopsin (aACR). It is activated by cyan light and ...
Showing: 1 - 20 of 64 results