...left-right organizer development. PLoS Genetics, 19(5), e1010765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010765... Check out our Optogenetics Guide to learn more about how these modules work, and read on to learn how...to the cell membrane isn’t powerful enough, what about altering the chemical composition of the membrane...

...stories and read papers wherein a researcher tries 5 separate experiments at once to get confirmatory data...easier to find information about research tools. BenchSci collates information about antibodies while FPbase...variety of additional resources and information about organizations promoting reproducibility in this ...that make it easier to share in-depth information about reagents, protocols, analysis tools, and more. Being...from a freezer. As you’ll see in Steve Almo’s talk about work at the Institute for Protein Innovation (IPI... talked to many researchers who have complaints about the unreliability of antibodies. IPI is working ...FPbase curates information about fluorescent proteins so you can best apply these technologies to your own...

...Nature. 2015 Dec 3. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18947 5. Siva K, Covello G, Denti MA. Exon-skipping antisense...estimated that very little dystrophin correction (about 4%) is needed to see muscle improvement, with only...diseases we’d like to treat with CRISPR. As seen above, DMD can be treated with “one-size-fits-most” NHEJ-mediated.... Precision genome editing faces the challenges above and more. One chief challenge is upregulating HDR...

...Validation (Uhlen, et al., 2016). This group proposed 5 Pillars of antibody validation which represent five...may not be the most accessible option for many laboratories. Additionally, it can be difficult to distinguish...the captured proteins off for mass spec analysis (above). When the results come back it shows that the majority...our Selecting an Antibody blog post! Learn more about Antibodies and their many applications in our Antibodies...

...inducing site-specific DNA methylation. Biology Open 5:866–874 . https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.019067 Find...modifications. Like the TALE-LSD1 system described above, dCas9-LSD1 inactivates targeted enhancers. Although...setting up your experimental system. Let us know about your experience with these constructs in the comments...

...–203 . https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5 Pillai-Kastoori L, Heaton S, Shiflett SD, Roberts ... the thickness of the band provides information about the relative abundance of the protein in the sample...history, principles, and types of ELISA, and our laboratory experience with peptide/protein analyses using...

...773–779 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0704-5 Santana I, Wu H, Hu P, Giraldo JP (2020) Targeted ... Addgene. In addition to the plasmids described above, Addgene carries several useful CRISPR toolkits ...

...a lab is nothing like a typical part-time or 9-to-5 job. I had to ask to find out what a “postdoc” is,...dig deep Talk to your professors about their research, and learn about what makes them excited to do what...sciences), people conduct research to answer questions about how the world works. As scientists, we probe beyond...curious person. I like to ask questions and think about the best way to answer those questions. I’ve met...enjoy, is worthwhile and can help us make decisions about what we want to do in the future. How do I get started...sense of what kind of research you would be excited about. I know quite a few friends who opted to join labs... a lot out there worth exploring! Being excited about the science allows you to ask more interesting questions...

...piggyBac, which is a big advantage over viral vectors (~5 kB payload for AAV and ~8 kB payload for lentivirus...Addgene blog Learn about the INTEGRATE system for bacterial genome engineering  Read about the Sleeping Beauty...DNA transposons are most commonly used in the laboratory for genome manipulation. When transposons are...Applications of transposons Now that you’ve learned about some of the popular transposon systems, let’s take...2020) Jump around: transposons in and out of the laboratory. F1000Res 9:135. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research...Beauty DNA transposon Learn about the piggyBac DNA transposon ...

...1087–1093 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0614-5 Sztal TE, Stainier DYR (2020) Transcriptional adaptation... “transitivity,” calls into question any claims about specificity of a given RNAi technique. While transitivity...conceptually similar to the microRNA precursor mentioned above and is a popular RNAi trigger in the mammalian research...substantial ways: variable silencing efficiency and labor-intensive processes to isolate RNAi plants. With...resource on the Addgene blog Browse our blog posts about plant biology Check out our CRISPR blog posts Resources...

...rAAVs, which can only package sequences shorter than 5 kb (Hirsch et al., 2016; Hudry and Vandenberghe, 2019...FLEx enters the scene. FLEx: A light when night is about you! The FLEx (for flip-excision) switch (aka DIO...PMC4166436. Resources on the Addgene blog Learn more about FLEx vectors Download our Plasmids 101 eBook Read...

...), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24759-5 Zhang, K., & Cui, B. (2015). Optogenetic control of...which tools to use, and what do you need to know about them to be successful in your experiments? In this...

...PMID: 25998715. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4491443. 5. Scott, Andrew M., Jedd D. Wolchok, and Lloyd J. Old...potential beneficiaries. Collaborative therapy For the most efficient outcomes, collaborative therapies must be... of the tolerance-producing antigens enunciated above. Finally, signals released from the microenvironment...are in their clinical trial phase. In all of the above therapeutics, techniques like genome engineering...are beginning to see the fruits of many years of labor with up and coming immunotherapy treatments. As ...clinic, physicians and researchers are learning much about how treatment regimens can be improved and how the...ahead of the disease in patients and developing collaborative treatments will go a long way in combating this...

...PloS one 4.10 (2009): e7338. PubMed PMID: 19823671. 5. Griffin, B. Albert, Stephen R. Adams, and Roger Y...environment? If these are pressing issues in your laboratory, then FRET experiments are a viable biophysical...to consider these cases separately when talking about the tools that are available. Let’s consider the...that, if you make an FP fusion, you are inserting about 20-25 kDa of protein mass into your protein and ...together The FRET donors and acceptors described above can be paired together to measure a wide range of...of your protein that can lead to novel insights about its biology and its behavior. See the table below...

...PMID: 21596592. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3164316. 5. Chieppa, Marcello, et al. "Dynamic imaging of dendritic...fluorescence microscope where the light source is mounted above (epi) the specimen and the excitation light passes...technique that allows imaging of living tissue up to about one millimeter in depth. Two low-energy photons ...response, but the study of these dynamics was still laborious as epifluorescence microscopy wasn’t able to give...skin. Two-photon intravital microscopy. The video above depicts the infiltration of neutrophils expressing...

...nanotoxicological studies. Environmental Science: Nano, 6(5), 1516–1526. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8en01381k Sridharan... A., Purkayastha, N., Flad, K., Schmidt, M. F., Tabor, A., Gmeiner, P., Hübner, H., & Weikert, D. (2020...

... CRMAGE is an incredibly fast protocol, with only 5 hours incubation time needed for a single round of...CRISPR Featured Topic Page Learn more about Cpf1 Find out about CRISPR Multiplexing Resources on Addgene.org...coli and other bacterial species. Read on to learn about the tools available for bacteria and some of the...that can be used in this way. As described in the above CRISPRi section, the Marraffini Lab published a ...as a collection of organisms, their genes, and metabolic processes, occupying the gut. Many human diseases...

...over a broad dynamic range that typically spans 2–5 orders of magnitude, which includes a wide dynamic...If you’ve ever run a western blot, or thought about running one, you’ll know there’s a lot of choices...