...), 756–761. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4265.  Additional resources on addgene.org Find Optogenetics Plasmids...and optogenetic tools exist, humans (like many organisms) are opaque, which makes most biomedical applications...There is a variety of research on whether and how organisms respond to magnetic fields (Karki et al., 2021...sometimes seen controversy, and the interactions of organic molecules like proteins with magnetic fields generally...magnetic responses of cryptochrome proteins or organic fluorophores (Karki et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2011... Biophysical Journal, 116(3), 454–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.003.  Frank Hayward, R., ...brightness of fluorescent proteins. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11406498. andrewgyork.github.io/...

...1826–1852. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00710A Sahasrabudhe, A., Rupprecht, L. E., Orguc, S., Khudiyev, T...Biotechnology, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-023-01833-5 Resources on Addgene.org Optogenetics guide ...tool to advance our knowledge of brain-visceral organ signaling. The problem  Previously, there were... for monitoring how both the brain and visceral organs interact during various behaviors. Either tissue...common neuroscience tools into the brains of model organisms, including the Anikeeva lab’s work on a similar...mini-Bluetooth system named NeuroStack was used (Orguc et al., 2020). Using a programmable microcontroller...applications are to expand the tool to different brain-organ axes. Alternatively, the system could be used to...

...with CRISPR–Cas13. Nature 550:280–284 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24049 Find plasmids from this paper...genome-editing platform. Genome Biol 19: . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1591-1 Cox DBT, Gootenberg JS... CRISPR-Cas13. Science 358:1019–1027 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0180 Find plasmids from this...human cells. Nat Biotechnol 34:863–868 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3609 Find plasmids from this publication... Campylobacter jejuni. Nat Commun 8: . https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14500 Find plasmids from this publication...PAM specificities. Nature 523:481–485 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14592 Find plasmids from this publication...human cells. Nat Biotechnol 34:869–874 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3620 Find plasmids from this publication...

...Neutralization Assays. Viruses 12:513 . https://doi.org/10.3390/v12050513 Cronin J, Zhang X-Y, Reiser J... through Pseudotyping. CGT 5:387–398 . https://doi.org/10.2174/1566523054546224 DePolo NJ, Reed JD, Sheridan...Human Serum. Molecular Therapy 2:218–222 . https://doi.org/10.1006/mthe.2000.0116 Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Cosset...Research and Gene Therapy. Viruses 12:1016 . https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091016 Joglekar AV, Sandoval S (2017...Human Gene Therapy Methods 28:291–301 . https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2017.084 Li Q, Liu Q, Huang W, Li ...enveloped viruses. Rev Med Virol 28:e1963 . https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1963 Mazarakis ND (2001) Rabies virus...Human Molecular Genetics 10:2109–2121 . https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/10.19.2109 Sandrin V, Boson B, Salmon...

...genome editing of internal organs and tumors. Sci Adv 6:eabb1777 . https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb1777 ... CRISPR–Cas9. Nat Methods 15:924–927 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0178-9  Hemphill J, Borchardt...Editing. J Am Chem Soc 137:5642–5645 . https://doi.org/10.1021/ja512664v  Jain PK, Ramanan V, Schepers...Protectors. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:12440–12444 . https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606123  Kim JH, Rege M, Valeri ...expression control. Nat Methods 16:633–639 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0436-5 Mathony J, Hoffmann MD...CRISPR‐Cas9. Angew Chem Int Ed 58:6285–6289 . https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201900788 Nihongaki Y, Furuhata Y,...differentiation. Nat Methods 14:963–966 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4430 Nihongaki Y, Kawano F, Nakajima...

...institutions.  What is the UBMTA, you ask? Well, organizations used to negotiate individual MTAs every time...standardized terms makes it a lot easier for organizations to make policy decisions on research use agreements...2023, we facilitated 784,795 MTAs with 8,798 organizations in 111 countries. From 2019 to 2023, we averaged...Addgene parlance, the depositor and requestor) organizations. Over the last twenty years, we’ve developed...When you deposit a plasmid with Addgene, your organization’s tech transfer office is sent a deposit agreement...distributed. In signing this agreement, your organization agrees to let Addgene receive, store, and distribute...individual MTAs for each request, the depositing organization signs one form that can be used for every MTA...

...Proteins (Vol. 2173, pp. 21–51). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_2 Lehtinen, K., Nokia... in Cellular Neuroscience, 15, 778900. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.778900 Mattis, J., Tye, K. M...opsins. Nature Methods, 9(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1808 References Abreu, N., & Levitz...Proteins (Vol. 2173, pp. 21–51). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_2 Boyden, E. S., Zhang... Nature Neuroscience, 8(9), 1263–1268. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1525 Gunaydin, L. A., Yizhar, O., Berndt.... Nature Neuroscience, 13(3), 387–392. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2495 Marshel, J. H., Kim, Y. S., Machado...perception. Science, 365(6453), eaaw5202. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw5202 Mattis, J., Tye, K. M.,...

...297 . https://doi.org/10.2307/1542146 Lazarus, J. E., Warr, A. R., Kuehl, C. J., Giorgio, R. T., Davis...sea anemone (Chan et al., 2006). Why do these organisms have chromoproteins? One reason may be that chromoproteins...symbiotic algae, during heat stress. For other organisms, like the sea anemone, scientists think that chromoproteins... for making plasmid constructs Resources on Addgene.org Find fluorescent proteins for your research ...xamachana. Marine Biology 94:423–430 . https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00428249 Chan MCY, Karasawa S, Mizuno...Biological Chemistry 281:37813–37819 . https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m606921200 Dove SG, Takabayashi M, ...and Environmental Microbiology, 85(16). https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00990-19 Liljeruhm, J., Funk, S. K....

...Gene Therapy Methods, 23(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2011.034 Benyamini, B., Esbin, M. ...Vectors [Preprint]. Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.20.533580 Goodwin, M. S., Croft...Molecular Neurodegeneration, 15(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-020-00361-z Grimm, D., Kern, A.,... AAV-2. Gene Therapy, 6(7), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3300946 Howard, D. B., & Harvey, ...Gene Therapy Methods, 28(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2016.180 Korte, J., Mienert, J., Hennigs...Gene Therapy, 32(13–14), Article 13–14. https://doi.org/10.1089/hum.2020.120 Lock, M., Alvira, M. R., Chen...Gene Therapy Methods, 25(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2013.131 Lock, M., McGorray, S., Auricchio...

...Integrated in Parallel. Cell, 154(4), 914–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CELL.2013.07.018 Anzalone, A. V., Randolph...donor DNA. Nature, 576(7785), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4 Chen, P. J., & Liu, D...Nature Reviews Genetics, 24(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-022-00541-1 Kim, H. K., Kim, Y.,...performance. Science Advances, 5(11), eaax9249. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax9249 Koeppel, J., Weller, J.,...determinants. Nature Biotechnology 2023, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-023-01678-y Li, X., Chen, W., Martin...epigenetic manipulation of prime editing. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.020 Mathis, N., Allam, A.... Nature Biotechnology, 41, 1151–1159. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-022-01613-7 Mathis, N., Allam, A...

...Vectors 101: Viral Applications Resources on addgene.org Addgene's Lentiviral Guide Most popular lentiviral...Microbiological Reviews, 56(3), 375–394. https://doi.org/10.1128/MR.56.3.375-394.1992. PubMed PMID: 1406488...and Perspectives. Viruses, 13(7), 1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071288. PMID: 34372494. Prussin, A. ...Science & Technology Letters, 2(4), 84. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.ESTLETT.5B00050. PubMed PMID: 26225354...United States of America, 54(1), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.54.1.137. PubMed PMID: 4285422. Pubmed.... The EMBO Journal, 16(16), 5113–5122. https://doi.org/10.1093/EMBOJ/16.16.5113. PubMed PMID: 9305652....Journal of Virology, 14(5), 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.14.5.1132-1141.1974. PubMed PMID: 4372391...

...OpenWetWare Wikis Website: http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/Protocols OpenWetWare.org (OWW) is a wiki that provides...About Developing Lab Management Software    Organizing and sharing your updated protocols So that’s ... mobile) tools are available for scientists to organize and share their scientific protocols. Here are...lab protocols online Addgene Website: http://www.addgene.org/ If you’re working with plasmids and you decide...submit an updated protocol? Just email us at help@addgene.org and we will be happy to upload your newest resources...Supplemental Document”: gRNA_Cloning Vector (deposited by George Church’s lab). Addgene has also cataloged a variety... to copy and modify templates (e.g. http://openwetware.org/wiki/Protocols/Template). Nature Protocol Exchange...

...and stably maintain the genes they carry among organisms belonging to many different phylogenetic groups...bacteria and express proteins within different host organisms. pBBR1-based plasmids and plasmids in incompatibility...Biological Chemistry, 273(14), 8447–8453. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.14.8447  Jain, A., & Srivastava...FEMS Microbiology Letters, 348(2), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12241  Keen, N. T., Tamaki, S...Gram-negative bacteria. Gene, 70(1), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90117-5  Lale, R., Brautaset...Biology (Clifton, N.J.), 765, 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-197-0_19  Meyer, R. (2009).... IncQ plasmids. Plasmid, 62(2), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2009.05.001  Meyer, R., Figurski...

...methyl-CpG-binding protein 2. Nat Genet 23:185–188 . https://doi.org/10.1038/13810 Amir RE, Zoghbi HY (2000) Rett syndrome...correlations. Am J Med Genet 97:147–152 . https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-8628(200022)97:2<147::aid-ajmg6>3.0... Related Disorders. Cell 152:984–996 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.038 Guy J, Gan J, Selfridge...Rett Syndrome. Science 315:1143–1147 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138389 Le TTH, Tran NT, Dao TML...Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Genet 10: . https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00625 McGraw CM, Samaco RC, ... Requires MeCP2. Science 333:186–186 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206593 Powers S, Miranda C, Dennys-Rivers...S51.002). Neurology 92 (15 Supplement) . http://n.neurology.org/content/92/15_Supplement/S51.002.abstract Sinnamon...

...was moved exactly as is from one organism to a distantly related organism, the gene may not express well...or intentional release of engineered organisms. “Is [the organism] engineered? Where did it come from?...this lies in the codon usage biases of different organisms. Different species have different preferences ...that it more closely resembles that of the host organism, it may express protein more efficiently. To classify...not much variation in GC content between many organisms and DNA synthesis companies often work within ...trend of sourcing genes from distantly related organisms. In 2006, less than 1% of the genes deposited ...the less likely it is transferred into another organism in the lab. Predicting lab-of-origin of engineered...

...fluorescent dyes have enabled the visualization of both organic tissues and cell cultures, opening biological interiors...cellular components. Some dyes target specific organelles like mitochondria, and different dyes can result... receptors. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78827-9 Breen, C. J., Raverdeau...-binding assay. Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25769 Grimm, J. B., & Lavis, L. D. ...Issue 2, pp. 149–158). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-021-01338-6 Grimm, J. B., Muthusamy...imaging. Nature Methods, 14(10), 987–994. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4403 Hayashi-Takanaka, Y., Stasevich...for live cell imaging. PLoS ONE, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106271 Heinrichs, A. (2009...

... development. These are required for a growing organism to make the complicated transition from a clump...dynamic processes are largely absent in adult organisms, where tissues structures are more stable and ...movement from the bone marrow and other lymphoid organs to specific tissues where they can scan for any...is large scale cellular movement throughout an organism. Studying cell mobility within these complex...tools to directly follow immune cells in lymphoid organs. The development of cell sorters together with ...antibodies made it possible to track cells from one organ to another. Thus several labs were able to decipher...microscopy images of chemically coloured lymphoid organs did in the past. How do researchers track fluorescently...

...nonprofit or U.S. governmental research organizations, and organizations that require the H-1B employee to ...entity, or nonprofit research organizations or governmental research organizations. Since there is no numerical...Additionally, since most universities and non-profit organizations do not have the April 1 H-1B queue process or... or quota like industry, these organizations can be a good choice for individuals needing sponsorship.... in your field. Membership in a professional organization – this is not referring to one that you can ...program self-driving cars, tissue engineering for organ replacement).  In addition to presenting your expert...These candidates should also join professional organizations and attend the annual conferences – i.e. Society...

...s next for prime editing? In addition to the smorgasbord of prime editing tools discussed here, many additional... Nature Biotechnology, 40(5), 731–740. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01133-w Anzalone, A. V., Randolph...donor DNA. Nature, 576(7785), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4 Chen, P. J., Hussmann...outcomes. Cell, 184(22), 5635-5652.e29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.018 Choi, J., Chen, W., ... Nature Biotechnology, 40(2), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01025-z Doman, J. L., Pandey...editors. Cell, 186(18), 3983-4002.e26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.039 Lin, Q., Jin, S., Zong... Nature Biotechnology, 39(8), 923–927. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00868-w Nelson, J. W., Randolph...

...different organizations and individuals, to identify ways of collaborating, and to organize events that...professional development (PD) workshops for teachers; organizing Congressional briefings in Washington DC; convening...Hollywood; and working directly with community organizations, libraries, youth groups, and faith institutions...studies (STS). I also worked with a number of organizations in public engagement efforts, including giving...middle and high school students. One of these organizations was pgEd. After obtaining my PhD and working...often “all hands on deck” to take care of the organizational logistics. Setting yourself on the path to ...audiences. Many universities or cities have organizations (often volunteer-based) that put on public lectures...