...into many cell types, while others are specific, allowing delivery to only a few cell types.  If you’re ...re looking for more control in the cell types your lentiviral vector will infect, pseudotyping can help...typically target immune cells with their wild-type envelopes. However, pseudotyping allows these viruses to...regardless of the producer cell type, but other envelopes such as the one from gibbon ape leukemia virus...infectivity as it can bind and transduce many cell types before reaching the target cells. VSV-G is also ...Cosset F-L, Verhoeyen E (2020) Lentiviral Vector Pseudotypes: Precious Tools to Improve Gene Modification ...

...address these types of harmful conflict early, because time frequently does not heal these types of wounds...processes in the past. Types of Resolution There are of course many other types of conflict resolution...identify them in yourself and learn how to sell them. Types of Conflict Before explaining my approach to conflict...important to recognize that there are different types of conflict. Most people perceive any conflict as...specific decision, direction, or goal. Resolving these types of conflicts is important for the individuals involved...

...tools with the manipulation of specific neuronal subtypes and determine how these changes affect the phenotype...some transduction characteristics of select AAV serotypes in Table 2 from the paper. Delivery of AAV into...achieved by a directed brain injection, but some serotypes can cross the blood brain barrier after intravenous...injected into the same place in the brain, certain serotypes spread further from the injection site. For an...restricting expression to genetically defined cell types. Specific transgene expression can be also achieved...engineering viral capsids that target specific cell types in the brain.  No matter what experimental approach...

... how do monoclonal antibodies differ from other types of antibodies? How monoclonal antibodies are made...’s possible to generate antibodies against many types of molecules including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates...mixture of antibodies that recognize many different epitopes on the same protein - are more likely to have ...more chances for these antibodies to recognize epitopes that are also present in other proteins. Because...the antigen-binding sites of the antibody - the paratopes - may change and impact the specificity and avidity...monoclonal antibody for your experiment versus other types of antibodies depends on a variety of factors. Understanding...

...turning these pesky germs into useful tools. Here, we will review viral basics and the types of viruses ... which type of virus to use. Types of viruses There are four main types of viruses used in mammalian ...have engineered viruses to target specific cell types and deliver any cargo you fancy (size limits do ...and can effectively infect a wide range of cell types that are typically ‘difficult to transfect’, such...

...infect) different cell types with some specificity. There are a lot of AAV serotypes, many of which are available...specifically targeted to a number of different cell types even when systemically administered in an organism...they are actually referring to rAAVs. ITRs and serotypes The names of AAVs contain two numerical designations...helpful when wanting to target specific neuron subtypes, since AAVs tend to be very neuro-permissive (...26427452. Issa, Shaza S., et al. “Various AAV Serotypes and Their Applications in Gene Therapy: An Overview...

... easy to buy, cultivate, and have interesting phenotypes to study. In addition, the Sánchez lab has made...plasmid deposit. These plasmids enable two main types of experiments: Whole mount in Situ Hybridization...tissue. This is useful for labeling specific cell types and for viewing how gene expression changes through...plasmids can result in  the labeling specific cell types or entire organs in planarians. For example, the...paste, and feed the mixture to the worms. The phenotypes of RNAi knockdown treatment should be apparent...apparent after three dsRNA feedings. Some of the phenotypes are not evident until after amputation. For example...

... cutting ninjas that deliver CRISPR to multiple types of targets: primary cells, embryos, and animals....animals. Nanoblades can also carry different types of CRISPR cargo including RNPs for indel formation via NHEJ...of mice, with the potential to be used for other types of CRISPR applications. Let’s take a look at the...BaEVRless) had high rates of transduction for most cell types they tested. Interested in using Nanoblades? Plasmids...efficiencies were between ~50-70% for these four cell types (Table 1). Additionally, hiPSCs and mouse BM cells...DNA-cutting ninjas which can stealthily delivery many types of CRISPR editing cargo to difficult to target cells...

...polyclonal antibodies contain a mix of different isotypes and subclasses. They each have their own advantages...secondary antibodies are broad and recognize multiple isotypes from a species, like a general anti-mouse antibody...antibody. Others recognize specific isotopes within that species, like an anti-mouse IgG antibody. Some ...polyclonal primary antibody contains a mix of different isotypes and subclasses, use a broadly reactive secondary... this post has explained when and why antibody isotypes matter and helps you choose the right antibody...from Addgene The Antibody Guide Antibodies 101: Isotypes Antibodies 101: Choosing the Right Antibody   ...

...isolate individual cells with unique spatiotemporal phenotypes from large heterogeneous cultures.  HeLa...SPOTlight was used to image over 3 million cell types expressing variants of Yellow Fluorescent Protein...new viral preps from recent months: Expanded serotypes are now available for Gordon Fishell Lab constructs...constructs targeting GABA neurons. Serotypes include AAV1, and AAV9. Find viral preps here pAAV-hSyn-Cre-P2A-dTomato...Deisseroth viral preps here Coming soon! New AAV serotypes from the Sanford Boye lab with enhanced retinal...retinal tropism. Find the upcoming serotypes here  ...

..., Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, X. campestris pv. malvacearum, Zymomonas mobilis...Shewanella spp., Thiobacillus spp., Xanthomonas campestris IncQ RSF1010, R300B, R1162 Gram-negative...salmonicida, Yersinia enterocolitica, Xanthomonas campestris, X. maltophilia IncW pSa, pR388 Gram-...Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas campestris   In addition to incorporating broad host...

...cell types involved in neurodegenerative diseases, the Cole Lab selected promoters for cell types directly...understanding the function of cell types in the nervous system. While certain cell types, such as principal excitatory...neuronal subtypes was not available until now. In order to target specific neuronal subtypes such as inhibitory...its genes are poorly characterized. The Gross lab hopes these libraries will be used to advance our collective...

...cell types. A thorough understanding of the genotypic and phenotypic changes in the various types of cancer...incessant chemical activity, and consists of other cell types, especially immune cells and cells of epithelial...antitumor treatment strategies can be enhanced. Types of immunotherapeutics In lieu of the cancer-immune...use whole cell therapeutics consisting of various types of immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are particularly...heterogeneity Tumors are composed of a wide variety of cell types. This cell heterogeneity is an important element...

...request the specific serotypes you need instead of receiving a kit with all the serotypes, since these 20 ...samples of EGFP-expressing AAV packaged in various serotypes. This collection is now complete! pAAV-CAG-GFP...expanding the inventory of these vectors to more serotypes. We currently package four variants of these biosensors...recently released several recombinases in various serotypes, and will continue to grow this collection. Of...

...identify and/or facilitate the evolution of new phenotypes, and forward genetics harnesses this at a large...grown in a turbidostat. Only mutate particular types of nucleotides. Both the Bassik Lab and the Chang... The Dueber Lab used EvolvR to discover novel genotypes that result in a spectinomycin resistant phenotype...These results not only uncovered novel resistance genotypes, but also provide a better understanding of the...system and the flexibility to address many different types of research questions. Are you ready to start EvolvR-ing...

...visualization of an enzymatic reaction. Types of ELISA There are four different types of ELISAs, which differ in the...and the detection antibody recognize different epitopes on the target protein, so they do not compete ...which multiple antibodies that recognize different epitopes are available; this type of ELISA is extremely...antibody available for your antigen as the other types of ELISAs require two different antibodies. As mentioned...

...handful of natural serotypes that can cross the BBB. However, these natural serotypes (AAV9, AAVrh10, and...sites can be used to prevent expression in cell types not of interest. Systemic capsids packaging Cre-...transgene expression to specific tissues and cell types. If desired, spatiotemporal control of transgene...cells, which is available in both AAV9 and AAV1 serotypes, allowing sequential administration (Chen et al... encompasses more molecularly-defined neuronal subtypes and with less bias among them than AAV-PHP.eB ...systemic AAVs for targeting distinct brain cell types. Nature Methods, 17(5), 541–550. https://doi.org...

... carry out genomic editing. Specifically, these types of CRISPR systems work using a multi-Cas complex.... Class 1 is further broken down into different types, with Cas3 systems making up type I, the most abundant... These type Is can then be further broken into subtypes of A–G, which come from different species and ...complexity. Figure 1: Schematic of Class 1 CRISPR types. Class 1 includes type I with a Cas3 effector, type...and type IV with an unknown effector. Type I has subtypes A through G, with different compositions of the...

...techniques that make tissues transparent are enabling microscopes to visualize the cellular architecture of whole...foundation for all subsequent versions of LSFM microscopes (3,4). After this initial application, Stelzer...microscopy vs. confocal microscopy In confocal microscopes, optical sectioning of a specimen is based on...photomultipliers used to detect light in confocal microscopes are less efficient than the modern cameras used...along the illumination path. The shadows appear as stripes in the acquired image (5).  A way to get around...

... under-informed with respect to how different serotypes, promoters, and injection methods are best suited...norepinephrine expressing neurons. We tested four serotypes containing an expression cassette with an ubiquitous... Fig. 1: Testing of three different AAV serotypes (AAV1, 8, 9) injected into the A2 noradrenergic...conditions (3,5,8), injection titers (1,2), and cell types used for packaging viral particles (6), can influence...vector performance in various brain regions and cell types. Power in numbers A Pubmed search for “AAV” and ...