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TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 15, 2019, 12:30 p.m....backbone. This step requires “counter-selection,” meaning that the selection is for the loss of a specific...protein. This allows conjugation between a pir-containing donor and the recipient of interest. Because ...transcriptional readthrough into the MCS to facilitate the cloning of toxic products. To allow manipulation of naturally...But if they are blue or magenta, they are real! Planning an allelic exchange experiment? Find the pTOX ...
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Fluorescent Proteins 101: GFP Fusion Proteins - Making the Right Connection
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 9, 2019, 1:13 p.m....protein. These were either (i) coded by the multiple cloning site and therefore consist of random amino acid... often use restriction enzymes in the multiple cloning site for generating fusions. For the POI-fluorescent...PVAT, when we use the AgeI site in the multiple cloning site) is sufficient. For the fluorescent protein-POI...immunofluorescence or properties of the protein. Determining other aspects of functionality (catalytic activity... -
Viral Vectors 101: Integrase-Deficient Lentiviral Vectors
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 13, 2025, 1:15 p.m....might be considered a double-edged sword with unintended consequences. In this blog, we’ll take a deep...the name suggests, these lentiviruses lack a functioning integrase, the enzyme responsible for inserting...homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining (see Figure 2). Figure 2: Schematic representation...interruptions. Insertional mutagenesis is especially concerning in clinical settings, as evidenced by retroviral... -
Tips for Getting a Faculty Position
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 20, 2023, 1:15 p.m.... Chalk Talk These items should be part of the beginning of your chalk talk. These should be plainly stated... implicated in several human diseases. Proper patterning of cells and tissues is fundamental to development...you understand what it takes to be successful in running a lab, getting grants, and writing papers? This... and earn some cash for my expensive habits of running shoes and single malt whiskies, but I remember ... -
CRISPR 101: Homology Directed Repair
TypeBlog PostPublishedJan. 26, 2023, 2:15 p.m.... primarily by two pathways: Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) and Homology Directed Repair (HDR). NHEJ...your site of interest, and a donor DNA molecule containing your desired edit are all you need to generate...generate a knock-in. General considerations for designing a repair template to create mutations HDR donors...Featured Topic Page Learn about Non-Homologous End Joining Learn about Base Editing Read 3 Tips to Improve... -
Treating Muscular Dystrophy with CRISPR Gene Editing
TypeBlog PostPublishedJan. 26, 2016, 3:30 p.m....essential for proper muscle function. Without functioning dystrophin, an individual experiences progressive...skipping proceeds through the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. It’s estimated that very little...Kriz AJ, Zetsche B, Shalem O, Wu X, Makarova KS, Koonin EV, Sharp PA, Zhang F. In vivo genome editing using...Used to Edit Genes Read How Non-Homologous End Joining is Used to Delete Genes Additional Resources on... -
Viral Vectors 101: Systemic Capsids
TypeBlog PostPublishedOct. 12, 2023, 1:15 p.m....Stauffer, W. R., Fish, K. N., & Pfenning, A. R. (2022). Machine learning sequence prioritization for cell...cells in C57BL/6J mice, but not in BALB/cJ mice, meaning that systemic capsids that rely on LY6A interactions...2017). AAV-PHP.eB has frequently been used for screening candidate regulatory elements such as enhancers...capsid of choice for future promoter/enhancer screening. However, AAV-PHP.AX packages viral genomes at...Gradinaru, V. (2017). Engineered AAVs for efficient noninvasive gene delivery to the central and peripheral nervous... -
Viral Vectors 101: AAV Variables That Matter
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 1, 2023, 1:15 p.m....cell (Dudek et al., 2018; Korneyenkov & Zamyatnin, 2021), meaning what works great in one system or cell...could help, or harm, your experimental goals when designing and testing your AAV. Figure 2: Comparison...10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.011 Korneyenkov, M. A., & Zamyatnin, A. A. (2021). Next Step in Gene Delivery: Modern... -
Antibodies 101: Multiplex Immunofluorescence
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 23, 2023, 1:15 p.m.... could try. We hope this post helped you start planning for your next multiplex IF experiment! If you ...Resources References Andrews, N. P., Boeckman, J. X., Manning, C. F., Nguyen, J. T., Bechtold, H., Dumitras, ...doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bs68nhhw Im, K., Mareninov, S., Diaz, M. F. P., & Yong, W. H. (2019). An ... Introduction to Performing Immunofluorescence Staining. In W. H. Yong (Ed.), Biobanking (Vol. 1897, pp... -
Plasmids 101: Dimers and Multimers
TypeBlog PostPublishedJan. 10, 2023, 2:15 p.m....they are the result of multiple plasmid copies combining in a process known as plasmid multimerization.... multimers grow more slowly compared to those containing the monomeric version of the plasmid (Summers...Multimers Run an undigested plasmid on agarose gel Running undigested DNA on a gel as a control when performing... 1984; Summers et al., 1993). In these cases, screening multiple bacterial colonies using one of the detection... -
Antibodies 101: Validation
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 24, 2022, 1:15 p.m.... the exciting new experiments that you’ve been planning, it is a good idea to pause and make sure that...approach may not be best if you are ultimately planning to use your antibody to detect endogenous levels...be a factor in your analysis. Example: You are planning an RNA-immunoprecipitation experiment and want...tuned for ready-to-use antibodies from Addgene Designing a recombinant validation experiment? Find plasmids... -
Fluorescent Proteins 101: Monitoring Cell Mobility Using Fluorescent Proteins
TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 15, 2017, 1:24 p.m....enabled scientists to see how chaotic and random the scanning was and how fast T cells could jump from one antigen...neutrophils expressing LysM-GFP (green) into a draining lymph node after infection with S. aureus (red...-presenting dendritic cell subsets in the skin-draining lymph node." Proceedings of the National Academy...PMC4743831. 17. Cavanagh, Lois L., and Wolfgang Weninger. "Dendritic cell behaviour in vivo: lessons learned... -
A Primer on Optogenetics: Introduction and Opsin Delivery
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 10, 2015, 2:30 p.m....Program (NIH-NIDA IRP), with the stated goal of learning behavioral optogenetics in order to implement ...types of constructs available, instructions for obtaining a material transfer agreement, and list of vendors... AAV construct is limited to only a few kb so attaining neuronal specificity through promoter-directed...University. His interests include the role of learning and memory in opioid addiction and science communication... -
It’s CRISPR Week at Addgene!
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 13, 2019, 12:01 p.m.... editing to pooled library screening. It also has information for planning your CRISPR experiment. For...CRISPR. We’ll have a different theme for each day. Beginning today, we’ll start with a CRISPR overview and ... -
Twelve Amazing Guest Blog Contributors!
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 26, 2024, 2:15 p.m....posts. Plasmids 101: Modular Cloning and Plasmids 101: Modular Cloning Applications and Kits We are... An Introduction to Gating in Flow Cytometry, Designing Your First Flow Panel, and Beyond Surface Labeling... -
Addgene’s New Way to Help You Share Science
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 14, 2013, 4:10 p.m....repository, and explaining how to deposit and request plasmids, but I also spend a lot of time listening. I’ve ... results at the bench, with a special focus on cloning and plasmid-based technologies. Commentary about... -
Our New Antibody Mascot is....
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 24, 2022, 2:15 p.m....journey to name our new antibody mascot, who's joining us in preparation for our upcoming affinity reagent...open until Feb. 22, 2022, and we'll unveil the winning name on Feb. 24. Stay tuned! Original Blugene...your help naming our latest mascot, an antibody joining us on our scientific adventures. You can submit... -
Performing In Vivo CRISPR Screens Using the FITS Approach
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 2, 2024, 1:15 p.m....precluding analyses of T cell differentiation beginning with naïve T cells. The Framework for In vivo... is compatible with single gene KO and pooled screening approaches; (4) encodes a Thy1.1 selectable marker...Germline Knockout in Immune Cells Genome-Wide Screening Using CRISPR Cancer and the Immune System: Deciphering... -
Plasmids 101: How to Name Your Plasmid in 3 Easy Steps
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 13, 2014, 1 p.m....researchers will add a lower case letter to the beginning of their insert abbreviation to specify what species...by its position (number) relative to the start Methionine (Met) followed by the one letter abbreviation...the Glutamine at position 295 was mutated to an Alanine, Q295A. Mutant version: pBACKBONE-Flag-hGene(Q295A... -
The CRISPR Software Matchmaker: A New Tool for Choosing the Best CRISPR Software for Your Needs
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 3, 2015, 3:30 p.m....there something that we can invest our time into learning and extract the most value? This is only one of...might proceed in the future. When we think of designing experiments using CRISPR, there are two major ... general opinion. I could spend a lot of time running through each tool in detail, but that is already...the end of 2014, tools began moving away from designing exclusively for NGG PAM targets and began allowing... -
Science Communication for Everyone
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 16, 2019, 1:05 p.m....written for general audiences. So far, we are beginning to make an impact on society and science literacy... their questions and comments. Lastly, we are planning to launch an e-magazine this year which would ...main three points of your story. Interested in learning more? Visit their website at www.theaddictivebrain.com... -
Management for Scientists: Seeking Feedback
TypeBlog PostPublishedJan. 8, 2015, 2:34 p.m....gestures are energetic. This can take practice and training. This is important because it creates a culture...feel that giving feedback will be perceived as complaining. They may worry that it seems like "tattling"...to feedback with your actions Use active listening skills such as the PAC Method. P = demonstrate... -
Optogenetics + CRISPR, Using Light to Control Genome Editing
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 3, 2020, 12:15 p.m....researchers - some readily found at Addgene. Shining light on transcriptional activation using dCas9...that can be repaired by either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology directed repair (HDR). This ...rendering the Cas9 non-functional when split but regaining functionality when the halves are reassociated...spatially controlled and reversibly activated by turning blue light on and off. As one might expect from... -
Searchable and Sortable gRNAs for Your Next CRISPR Experiment
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 17, 2016, 2:30 p.m....Resource sharing shortens the time needed to go from planning an experiment to performing one. At Addgene, ...deposited CRISPR reagents, including many gRNA-containing plasmids (McDade et al, 2016). Many of the gRNAs... plasmids or from submission of a spreadsheet containing the validated gRNA sequences alone. Sequence ... -
Science as Art
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 2, 2015, 3:13 p.m....just its biological importance. More of Daniel's stunning work can be found on his website http://www.microworldsphotography.com...with the need to conserve these unique samples, meaning that we know very little about these specimens ...competition has gained so much public interest for its stunning images that is has been featured in Time magazine... -
Inside Addgene's 10 Year Anniversary Gala
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 3, 2014, 3:48 p.m.... Melina talked about her grandfather’s humble beginnings as an operator of a printing press. Just as her...Fan have been supporting Addgene from the very beginning and have played an integral part in its success...helped to edit and add to this post. Interested in learning more about the last 10 years @Addgene Check out... -
6 Steps to Submitting a Resume That Gets Seen
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 9, 2015, 2:30 p.m....that you could meet with learning (scientists are trained to be good at learning new things—this is a strength...often is the most effective tactic a scientist in training can adopt to ensure opportunities in the future... -
In Living Color: The Skinny on In Vivo Imaging Tools
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 27, 2014, 5:14 p.m....have used fluorescent proteins to observe what’s happening inside cells for at least a couple of decades....tissues is set by the properties of hemoglobin and melanin pigments, which absorb the majority of light below..., thus, allowing higher resolution in samples containing substantial autofluorescence background.” Just... -
Using Ultrasound to Image Bacteria in vivo: Acoustic Reporter Genes
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 19, 2018, 1:38 p.m.... the beginning of the development of ARGs and have already developed a high-throughput screening method...Shapiro, M.G. (2018). Acoustic reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of microorganisms in mammalian hosts.... -
New CRISPR Web Resources and #12DaysofCRISPR Recap
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 12, 2017, 3:13 p.m....pCMV-ABE7.10 has already earned a blue flame for its adenine base editing capabilities. Epigenetics: CRISPR ...Repair mechanisms: CRISPR 101: Non-homologous End Joining and PITCHing MMEJ as an Alternative Route for Gene...Chavez) Day 11: Pooled libraries: Genome-Wide Screening Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Plasmids 101: NGS Quality... -
Five Questions to Ask If You're Deciding Between a Master's or PhD Program
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 16, 2021, 2:15 p.m.... your job title doesn’t change. Master’s level training can prepare you to present your work at conferences...Resources on the Addgene blog Learn about career planning resources What Do I Do Now? Academic v. Non-Academic...Resources on Addgene.org Check out Addgene's job openings Find eBooks from Addgene, including the Science... -
Year of the Camelid: Antibody Style
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 9, 2024, 1:15 p.m....and it wasn’t long until the field was off and running with camelid-derived single-domain antibodies (...thanks to their small size of 12–15 kDa Ease of cloning and expression from plasmids, due to only needing...amenable to recombinant expression (and because maintaining a llama facility is out of reach and unappealing... -
Bricking Science: Portraying Scientific Reality Through LEGO
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 29, 2016, 3:30 p.m....Find Protocols Lab Tips to Keep Your Experiments Running Smoothly and "Gnome-Proof" This is why the “Bricking...science: The potential is endless One night, while opening a LEGO set with my husband, I thought about how... laboratory. It is priceless to see our “toys” gaining life and working as scientists in a custom made... -
Addgene @ Keystone: Thoughts on Precision Genome Engineering and Synbio
TypeBlog PostPublishedJan. 15, 2015, 1:50 p.m.... us 8 short talks on every conceivable way of examining, modifying, and improving the CRISPR-Cas9 system...characterization and implementation of this system. Monday evening's talks switched gears (or should I say circuits...genetic circuitry to the downstream output. Tuesday morning's talks were also about circuitry and synthetic ... -
Management for Scientists: What Makes a Good Manager Anyway?
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 9, 2014, 2:22 p.m....Managing a team is hard and most people have some learning they need to do before they can be good at it....diversity of responsibilities, which might include training or teaching others, research, and policy development...can move to a new workplace if opportunities for learning and personal growth do not exist or if they feel... -
CRISPR/Cas9 FAQs Answered!
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 13, 2014, 4:08 p.m....Zhang group. Learn more here. Q2: When designing oligos for cloning my target sequence into a backbone that...editing using the Zhang lab's CRISPR/Cas plasmids. Designing your CRISPR genome editing experiment Q1: Should... -
Scientific Peer-review: Providing Critical and Kind Feedback and Advocating for Open Science
TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 8, 2019, 1:19 p.m.... early peer-review attempts took place at the beginning of the 18th century. Yet the peer-review was not...first read, I am usually able to construct the beginning of my review - "The manuscript by ZZZ et al., ...do it on another day - preferably the following morning - as usually deadlines are pressing. During this... -
CRISPR Challenges: Standardization and Homology Directed Repair
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 14, 2018, 2:36 p.m....Michohomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), also known as alternative non-homologous end joining (Alt-NHEJ), has ...so much more to working with CRISPR than just designing a repair template that contains your desired edit... -
Viral Genome Sequencing - A One Stop Shop for AAV Identity and Serotype Confirmation
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 23, 2020, 1:15 p.m....and while we think of the AAV vector genomes as containing just the expression cassette that we want, it...plasmids. We decided to use this to our advantage by designing a Python script that looks for pre-defined serotype...two types of adeno-associated virus particles containing complementary polynucleotide chains. J Virol ... -
Antibodies 101: Epitope Availability
TypeBlog PostPublishedJan. 11, 2022, 2 p.m....abstract protein during your sample prep process, imagining how it starts and if any steps could affect its...conditions. In those cases, pay special attention to designing your controls in validation, as you may need to...help you avoid a great deal of frustration when designing and troubleshooting immunoimaging assays. It can... -
Hot Plasmids and Viral Preps - September 2021
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 21, 2021, 1:15 p.m.... (also referred to as TX-TL systems) have been gaining popularity as a synthetic biology tool. These systems... biosynthetic pathways. Biosynthetic pathways containing multiple enzymes could be successfully reconstituted...library targeting S. pneumoniae D39V from Jan-Willem Veening is now available with one sgRNA per operon or gene... -
Antibody Neutralization Response Against Pseudoviruses Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 22, 2021, 1:15 p.m....transmitting out in the world” says Balazs. “By combining those with [sera] we got from people that have... spike protein are one of the key drivers in determining whether the current vaccines are effective or...the extent to which the escape appeared to be happening.” In their assay, the neutralization rates of... -
Antibodies 101: Epitope Tags
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 11, 2023, 1:15 p.m....knock-in at a genomic locus or more commonly via cloning of recombinant proteins. Why use a tag? If you...peptide (YPYDVPDYA) derived from human influenza hemagglutinin. The tag has two negatively charged amino acids...need monoclonal GFP antibodies or guidance on designing a GFP tag Addgene has you covered! Potential... -
10 Great Guest Posts We're Thankful For
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 18, 2016, 3 p.m..... Minigenomes are stripped down viral genomes containing only the sequences required for viral replication...CombiGEM and CRISPR for Combinatorial Genetic Screening CombiGEM is a technology that can be used to quickly...barcode small libraries of CRISPR gRNAs to use for screening experiments. Get the full details on how to make... -
Summer SciComm: Science Storytelling
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 16, 2022, 1:15 p.m..... You can introduce your results right at the beginning of your communication, use conflict to get your...really dig into the significance of the results, explaining what new questions are next or how this will ...impact future research or policy. It is worth mentioning that this is far from the only way to communication... -
Advice for Moving Into Sales After Your Science Postdoc
TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 21, 2014, 3:15 p.m....after 6 years in the business of western blots and cloning, I decided to pack it in. I had just started month...Career Achievements”, and “Academic Achievements”. Leaning my CV more towards me as a product and not me as...I had no previous business, marketing or sales training and knew I had to start somewhere. I knew if I... -
Mentoring for Scientists: I Have a Mentor, What Now?
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 6, 2014, 7:12 p.m....– it is the discussion after that will lead to learning. Listen to our podcast interview with Harvard...this point, consider that I try to exercise every morning, but the temptation to skip the gym is strong. ...out for me that gets me out of bed and into my running shoes. Be a mentor to become a better mentee One... -
Improving Transduction Efficiency with Exosome AAVs
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 14, 2019, 1:54 p.m....supernatant containing exo-AVVs from producer cells, and then to enrich the microvesicles containing AAVs (...Exosome-Associated AAV by Overexpression of the Tetraspanin CD9." Molecular Therapy-Methods & Clinical Development... -
Addgene-Seeding Labs plasmid grant round 3: microbial drug resistance and biofilms, antidiabetic plant components, visualizing brain injury - and a glowing robot fish
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 27, 2018, 2 p.m....fluorescent proteins and a new two-photon laser scanning microscope will allow Tsakanova to image cortical...insights into functional network interactions. Combining synthetic biology with engineering: glowing bacteria... bacterial sensor, he will construct plasmids containing promoter regions that activate fluorescent protein... -
"Build Your Plasmid": The Game - Play to Teach
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 17, 2018, 12:23 p.m....media or the phones hiding under their desks than listening to me. When I got home, I saw my daughters playing...get the engagement I wanted. I therefore started planning a game that would force my students to use concepts...basic lab techniques Plasmid Land: The plasmid cloning game ...