...Neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog RASA RASA1 RASA2 RASA3 RAS p21 protein activator RASAL RASAL1...RASAL1 RASAL2 RASAL3 RAS protein activator like RASGRF RASGRF1 RASGRF2 Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide...factor RASGRP RASGRP1 RASGRP2 RASGRP3 RASGRP4 RAS guanyl releasing protein RASSF RASSF1 RASSF2 RASSF3 RASSF4...of plasmids for the Ras pathway. Ras is a small GTPase and constitutively active Ras is the most common... Cancer Research Ras Pathway Ras Pathway You May Also Like: Ras Pathway Clone Collection 2.0...p53 Pathway Background Ras Pathway Plasmids Ras Gene List Resources Background Ras is a small GTPase and...RCE1 Ras converting CAAX endopeptidase 1 RHEB Ras homolog enriched in brain RHO RHOA RHOB RHOC Ras homolog...

...Schwarzwaelder, K., Bartholomae, C., Hubank, M., Kempski, H., Brugman, M. H., Pike-Overzet, K., Chatters, ...J., de Ridder, D., Gilmour, K. C., Adams, S., Thornhill, S. I., Parsley, K. L., Staal, F. J., Gale, R....from the larger protein: PR (protease), RT (reverse transcriptase), and IN (integrase). These viral packaging...both viral and cellular proteins and trafficked to the nucleus. Since the integrase is non-functional and...their life cycle to continue. They rely on a viral protein called reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA...typically encodes the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G), which facilitates viral entry into the... integrated into the host genome via the viral proteins packaged during production (read our blog post...

... is the Ras pathway. The term “Ras” collectively refers to 3 proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras) encoded...Despite the prevalence of Ras mutations in a variety of cancers, Ras proteins have stumped the pharmaceutical...suppressors, and their protein products. Proto-oncogenes consist of a group of genes/proteins that, when expressed...environments for many cell types. From proteins to pathways - Ras as a model When mutations do arise and...encoded by a family of proto-oncogenes. Ras proteins are special because they are known to be mutated in as...lack of “druggable” domains. In other words, Ras proteins naturally lack areas that are accessible, high-affinity... is approaching the Ras problem by exploiting the different mutant versions of Ras that are most prevalent...

...of a responsive protein (e.g. calcium binding protein) fused to two fluorescent proteins. When the responsive...fluorescent proteins to make better reporters and the second couples NLuc to fluorescent proteins to make ...biosensors. NanoLuc®-fluorescent protein fusions for imaging Fluorescent proteins are fantastic imaging tools...penetrative orange fluorescent protein fusion (OgNLuc). Both fluorescent proteins can be excited by Nluc emission...responsive protein binds to calcium it changes conformation and brings the two fluorescent proteins together... energy from one fluorescent protein to a compatible fluorescent protein. FRET can be measured by exciting...fluorescent protein (donor) and measuring the resultant emission from the red-shifted fluorescent protein (acceptor...

...oncogene homolog C-K-RAS, K-RAS2A, K-RAS2B, K-RAS4A, K-RAS4B, KI-RAS, KRAS1, KRAS2, NS3, RASK2 LAT linker for...-Jun KRAS v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog C-K-RAS, K-RAS2A, K-RAS2B, K-RAS4A, K-RAS4B...homolog C-BAS/HAS, C-H-RAS, C-HA-RAS1, CTLO, H-RASIDX, HAMSV, HRAS1, K-RAS, N-RAS, RASH1 ICOS inducible T-cell... H-RASIDX, HAMSV, HRAS1, K-RAS, N-RAS, RASH1 IFITM1 interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27) ...NFAT3 NRAS neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog ALPS4, N-ras, NRAS1 PAK1 p21 protein (Cdc42... IKBE NRAS neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog ALPS4, N-ras, NRAS1 PAK1 p21 protein (Cdc42...

...Damage-specific DNA binding protein 2, 48kDa p53 Tumor protein p53 p53AIP1 Tumor protein p53 regulated apoptosis...Avantaggiati ML, Ogryzko V, Gardner K, Giordano A, Levine AS, Kelly K. Nature. 1997 Jun 27;89(7):1175-84...May Also Like: Cancer Pathway ORF Kit mTOR pathway Ras pathway Background p53 Pathway Plasmids p53 Gene ...angiogenesis inhibitor 1 Bax BCL2-associated X protein Bid BH3 interacting domain death agonist CASP3 ...finger and WD repeat domain 2 (RFWD2); E3 ubiquitin protein ligase cytoC Cytochrome c DR5 Tumor necrosis factor...gamma IGF-BP3 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 KAI CD82 molecule Maspin Serpin family B member...member 5 MDM2 MDM2 proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase MDMX p53 regulator; also known as MDM4 Noxa...

...Also Like... CRISPR Guide CRISPR Protein Tagging Fluorescent Protein Guide Subcellular Localization Plasmids...junctions 107579 RAB5A-mEGFP AICSDP-39 mEGFP Ras-related protein Rab-5A Endosomes 107580 AAVS1-mTagRFPT-CAAX...mTagRFPT-CAAX AICSDP-42 mTagRFPT CAAX domain of K-Ras Plasma Membrane 114403 LMNB1-mTagRFP-T AICSDP-29 mTagRFPT... FUS-mEGFP AICSDP-64 mEGFP RNA-binding protein FUS Paraspeckles/stress granules 114411 TNNI1-mEGFP AICSDP...deposited plasmids to generate fluorescently tagged proteins of key cellular structures in human cell lines... will be able to generate fluorescently tagged proteins of key cellular structures in human cell lines...structures. Addgene ID Plasmid Allen Institute ID Tag Protein Structure 87420 PXN-EGFP AICSDP-1 EGFP Paxillin...

...naturally-occurring Acr (Anti-CRISPR) proteins can help control CRISPR activity. Acr proteins have evolved in phages ...; or inducing degradation of the Cas9 protein. Most Acr proteins are specific to a particular type of ...and antibody-activator effector proteins; long-term imaging of proteins in living cells (Figure 9B) dCas9...with different fluorescent proteins or by fusing the gRNAs to orthogonal protein-interacting RNA aptamers...applicability of base editing through protein engineering and protein delivery. Nature Communications . 8... by anti-CRISPR proteins. Nature , 526 (7571), 136–139. PMID: 26416740 Bravo, J. P. K., Liu, M., Hibshman...see Cas3 for more details), while type V-K systems use a type V-K Cas effector, Cas12k. No matter the system...

...128612 Anti-Kv2.1 K+ Channel [D3/71R] Kv2.1 K+ Channel Rat Mouse IgG2a 128613 Anti-Kv1.4 K+ Channel [K13/...K13/31R] Kv1.4 K+ Channel Rat Mouse IgG2a 128614 Anti-Kv1.2 K+ Channel [K14/16R] Kv1.2 K+ Channel Human ...Anti-Kvbeta2/KCNAB2 K+ Channel [K17/70R] Kvbeta2/KCNAB2 K+ Channel Mouse Mouse IgG2a 128616 Anti-Kv1.1 K+ Channel...78R] Kv1.1 K+ Channel Rat Mouse IgG2a 128617 Anti-Pan-Kvbeta K+ Channel [K25/73R] Pan-Kvbeta K+ Channel ...128627 Anti-Kv4.3 K+ Channel [K75/41R] Kv4.3 K+ Channel Rat Mouse IgG2a 128628 Anti-Kv2.1 K+ Channel [K89/...140068 Anti-Kv1.6 K+ channel [K19/36R] Kv1.6 K+ channel Rat Mouse IgG2a 140069 Anti-Kv1.5 K+ channel [K7/45R...Kv1.5 K+ channel Rat Mouse IgG2a 140070 Anti-Kvbeta1.1/KCNAB1 K+ channel [K9/40R] Kvbeta1.1/KCNAB1 K+ channel...

...pseudotype with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, scientists encode the spike protein on the envelope plasmid. Image...used envelope protein for pseudotyping is VSV-G, or vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. VSV-G is a trimeric...Other envelope proteins for pseudotyping While VSV-G is the most commonly used envelope protein for pseudotyping....71.8.6174-6178.1997 Wickersham IR, Finke S, Conzelmann K-K, Callaway EM (2006) Retrograde neuronal tracing with...Lyon DC, Barnard RJO, Mori T, Finke S, Conzelmann K-K, Young JAT, Callaway EM (2007) Monosynaptic Restriction...different envelope glycoprotein instead of the wild-type glycoprotein. The pseudotyped protein is encoded on... trimeric protein that binds phosphatidylserine and low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) on a cell...

...re-exposure. More specifically, specialized Cas proteins snip foreign DNA into small fragments approximately...stretches of DNA known as CRISPR arrays. Separate Cas proteins then express and process the CRISPR loci to generate... varying PAM sequences and number/types of Cas proteins. Makarova et al. ’s classification defines 5 types... to DNA. Others inhibit the recruitment of Cas proteins to the CRISPR-Cas complex. Recently, researchers... can include mutations seen in human patients, protein tags, or loxP/FRT sites, among others. Homology-directed...Fluorescently labeled dCas9 or gRNAs that bind fluorescent proteins can be used to image genomic loci in live cells...used to purify a genomic locus and its associated proteins or RNAs through ChIP (enChIP) or biotin-streptavidin...

...E, Negre O, Wang G, Hehir K, Fusil F, Down J, Denaro M, Brady T, Westerman K, Cavallesco R, Gillet-Legrand...production: Gag (structural precursor protein), Pol (polymerase), Tat (viral transactivator for transcriptional...that couldn’t package itself due to a few missing proteins. The envelope plasmid contained a viral envelope...export of transcripts). A different viral envelope protein (Env), usually from VSV-G due to wide infectivity...tracking in the adult brain. Gomez-Nicola D, Riecken K, Fehse B, Perry VH. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 22;4:7520. PubMed...trials. McGarrity GJ, Hoyah G, Winemiller A, Andre K, Stein D, Blick G, Greenberg RN, Kinder C, Zolopa ...Chrétien S, Cartier N, Aubourg P, Fischer A, Cornetta K, Galacteros F, Beuzard Y, Gluckman E, Bushman F, Hacein-Bey-Abina...

...complementary protein function or localization. ACP and MCP tags ACP- and MCP-tags are small protein tags based... labeling cell-surface proteins, and are useful for labeling secreted proteins with disulfide bridges ... H, Johnsson N, Johnsson K. 2004. Specific labeling of cell surface proteins with chemically diverse compounds... Krumm H, Johnsson K, Johnsson N. 2005. Multicolor imaging of cell surface proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 127...the human O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (hAGT), a DNA repair protein, and is suitable for both cell-permeant...ACP or MCP tagged plasmids for visualization of proteins inside cells. Depositor...Information New England Biolabs offers non-toxic protein labeling systems based on SNAP-, CLIP-, ACP-, and...

...with BioRender.com.   Opto-G-protein coupled receptors  G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) regulate... Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. In D. Niopek (Ed.), Photoswitching Proteins (Vol. 2173,..., S., Sauter, K., Papagiakoumou, E., Gottschalk, A., Soba, P., Emiliani, V., Engel, A. K., Hegemann, P...tools: light-gated ion channels, optogenetic G-protein coupled receptors (OptoXRs), and photoswitches....are many different opsin (natural and engineered proteins responsive to light in combination with retinal...similar concept, except the ligand is attached to a protein binding partner or nanobody that targets the native...

...Mears, K. S., Demircioglu, F. E., Moeller, L., Kocalar, S., Oshiro, R., Makarova, K. S., Macrae, R. K., Koonin.... V., Fedorova, I., Karneyeva, K. A., Artamonova, D. N., & Severinov, K. V. (2021). Type III CRISPR-CAS...defined by the accessory Cas proteins in the Cascade complex. Despite a tenuous grasp on how type III systems...antiviral defense) complexes, while Class 2 use single protein Cas effectors, like Cas9. The Cascade complex doesn... Despite being in Class 1, Cas7-11 is a single protein effector and is able to target and edit RNA in ...Class 2 Class 2 CRISPR systems rely on a single protein Cas effector and are likely the class most people...discovery algorithms find new candidates for CRISPR proteins. A type VII is already on the horizon (Altae-Tran...

...00023-6. PMID: 12727116. Borkenhagen, L. K., Fieldhouse, J. K., Seto, D., & Gray, G. C. (2019). Are adenoviruses.... H., Bull, R. L., Garcia, K. Y., Goodrich, J. S., Lovett, S. P., Parker, K., Radune, D., Hatada, A., ... encode proteins essential to initiating the whole process – such as the viral DNA polymerase – it makes... the nuclear compartment, gene expression, and protein translation. Its genome consists of “early” (E)...absent, and the late genes (and their structural proteins, which would encapsidate new virions) are not ... is transient due to the fact that AdV surface proteins (especially fiber’s knob domain, and hexon), as... as well as other intracellularly-exposed proteins and downstream cellular events, all recruit strong ...

...green fluorescent protein, a red fluorescent protein, a fancy new green fluorescent protein, some affinity...plasmids containing the same protein of interest tagged with different fusion proteins for different experiments...Just express the fusion protein and add a specific ligand! A self-labeling protein gives you the flexibility...tags on different proteins of interest (or one self-labeling tag and a fluorescent protein) enables applications...working with purified proteins in vitro, you can even use the same tag for multiple proteins but label each ...function of the target protein, so it’s always good to check that your fusion protein is functional. In some...Beaufils, F., & Johnsson, K. (2008). An Engineered Protein Tag for Multiprotein Labeling in Living Cells...

...recruits host proteins to the ori to initiate replication. At high copy numbers, RepA proteins form complexes...//doi.org/10.5772/19313 References Asano, K., & Mizobuchi, K. (1998). Copy number control of IncIalpha...doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky457 Park, K., Han, E., Paulsson, J., & Chattoraj, D. K. (2001). Origin pairing (‘handcuffing...when they depend on the host cell’s initiation proteins to start their own replication. In general, these... begins. This process relies on the initiation protein DnaA. First, DnaA must bind ATP. Then, the ATP-...bound, including at the low-affinity sites, the proteins work cooperatively to separate nearby AT-rich ... available DnaA box. In bacteria, however, the protein integration host factor (IHF) assists with the ...

...Roxas, K. M., Chan, K. Y., Scherrer, J., Winchester, J., Blackburn, R. J., Campos, L. J., Man, K. N. M....BBB via interactions with a similar protein called LY6C1. This protein is expressed in both BALB/cJ mice...Challis, C., Beadle, K., Jang, M.J., Kim, H.M., Rajendran, P.S., Tompkins, J.D., Shivkumar, K., Deverman, B....Fox, G. A., Wade, K., He, J., Ozturk, B. E., Byrne, L. C., Stauffer, W. R., Fish, K. N., & Pfenning, A...J. J., Messemer, K. A., Troiano, E. C., Moghadaszadeh, B., Peacker, B. L., Leacock, K. A., Horwitz, N....Lin, J. D., Pelkey, K. A., Chittajallu, R., Guo, B., Arias-Garcia, M. A., Allaway, K., Sakopoulos, S., ...exists to prevent substances in the blood, like proteins and viruses, from crossing into the brain. While...

...applicability of base editing through protein engineering and protein delivery. Nature Communications, 8(...specificity, they purified HF-BE3 protein for delivery in ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) to both zebrafish...requires three elements. They are, broadly: A Cas protein (catalytically dead or nickase) fused to a deaminase...within the editing window specified by the Cas protein These elements were the starting point towards...efficiency of ~50% and confirmed that the fusion protein retained the PAM properties of the individual Cas9...formation 1.5-2 fold, the team fused bacteriophage protein Gam to the N-terminus of BE4 (Komor et al., 2017...excision repair inhibition and bacteriophage Mu Gam protein yields C:G-to-T:A base editors with higher efficiency...