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We narrowed to 677 results for: RON

Showing: 131 - 140 of 677 results

  1. Cancer and the Immune System: Deciphering the Relationship

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...effector cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells in this environment produce growth factor signals...inflammatory cytokines - interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon gamma (IFNγ) - and eliminate cancer cells. 2....responses that eliminate early stage cancer cells, chronic inflammatory responses can augment tumor growth...development are observed in autoimmune disorders. Chronic inflammation due to autoimmune disorders is also...Strategic immune evasion mechanisms - The tumor microenvironment Through interactions with the immune system...and thrive within what is known as the tumor microenvironment - a vital atmosphere created by the cancer...recruit regulatory T cells (T-regs) into their microenvironment by producing C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22...

  2. Viral Vectors 101: Chemogenetics

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...example, lowers the threshold for neuronal signaling and causes neuronal burst firing. Other DREADDs, such...DREADDs for Neuroscientists. Neuron 89:683–694 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.040 Saloman, J. ...method for manipulating cell activity, especially neuronal firing. What is chemogenetics? Chemogenetics ...decreased heart rate (Redfern et al., 1999) or altered neuron excitability (Zhu et al., 2014). The system allows...Studies looking at immediate effects of specific neuron firing are better equipped using fast-acting optogenetic...tissues, cell types, or even subcellular regions of a neuron need to be targeted. Targeting is also important...common target for chemogenetic manipulation are neurons where chemogenetic receptors can be used to alter...

  3. Getting Started with Behavioral Neuroscience: Standardizing Experiments and Using Viral Vectors

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...AAV1 and AAV9 serotypes have strong neuronal tropism, AAV5 targets both neurons and astrocytes, and AAV4 ...activation of neurons in a specific brain region. One option is to overexpress a gene that alters neuronal function...introduced in neurons and depending on the choice of channel protein, they can trigger neuronal excitation...certain tests and is not always recommended.  Environmental influences like bright light or noise should...(vendor or in-house mouse breeding colony) Environment Olfaction, temperature, humidity, noise level...factors. Another option uses optogentics to control neuronal activity, commonly via light-activated ion channels...broad cell tropism and has a high percentage of neuronal targeting after stereotaxic injection. Find more...

  4. New and Upcoming Viral Vectors - Spring 2019

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... of densely labeled neurons because background fluorescence from inactive neurons is reduced. 105322... of densely-labeled neurons because background fluorescence from inactive neurons is reduced.  Additional...calcium sensors and can be used for imaging of small neuronal processes like dendrites and axons. Find the 7b...Archon1 voltage reporter allows a way to monitor neuronal electrical activity through imaging. Since it’...mDlx enhancer restricts expression to GABAergic interneurons. These vectors can also be used as the control...Plasmid Serotype Name 119036  AAV1  pAAV-hsyn-flex-Voltron-ST Chemogenetics Plasmid Serotype Name ...flex PSAM4 GlyR IRES EGFP Chimeric channels for neuronal manipulation 119742  AAV5  AAV SYN PSAM4 GlyR...

  5. New and Upcoming Viral Vectors - September 2019

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... of densely-labeled neurons because background fluorescence from inactive neurons is reduced. This variant...50457-AAV5): The Synapsin promoter directs broad, neuronal expression. AAV pCAG-FLEX-EGFP-WPRE (51502-AAV5...element directs expression in forebrain GABAergic interneurons. pOTTC1032 - pAAV EF1a Nuc-flox(mCherry)-EGFP...AAV5 and 112677-AAVrg): The EF1a promoter directs strong, ubiquitous expression. This is a Cre-dependent...(jGCaMP7) continue to be useful for monitoring neuronal activity in the form of calcium dynamics. (For...fluorescence and can be used for imaging small neuronal processes (dendrites and axons). jGCaMP7c exhibits...method for understanding how this molecule impacts neuronal circuits. We recently packaged a constitutive ...

  6. A Primer on Optogenetics: Introduction and Opsin Delivery

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...VTA GABA neurons disrupts reward consumption. Neuron. 2012;73(6):1184-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.016..., for example, the firing of a specific type of neuron in a specific brain region can result in a particular...wherein mouse initiated optogenetic activation of a neuronal circuit either does or does not result in a reward...consider whether you wish to stimulate or inhibit neuronal firing, the cell-type specificity, the kinetics...suggests that Arch may more effectively silence neurons than HR. Delivering your opsin  The standard opsin...manipulations to help restrict expression to a specific neuronal subtype. However, the length of promoter that ...construct is limited to only a few kb so attaining neuronal specificity through promoter-directed expression...

  7. Viral Vectors 101: AAV Variables That Matter

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...great in a GABA neuron, for instance, may not transduce the adjacent norepinephrine neuron at all. There... for Defense Behaviors. Neuron, 93(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.045 More resources...or inducible.  Ubiquitous promoters  These often-strong promoters offer the most flexibility for expression...Promoters such as chicken-beta-actin or CAG can drive strong early gene expression, but can become methylated...expression can still occur (Fig. 3) - for example, some neurons can transiently express TH - so you’ll need to ...expression in both oligodendrocytes (Olig2) and neurons (NeuN). Image from Griffin et al., 2019, Figure...Second, high efficiency transduction coupled with a strong promoter, may result in overexpression of your ...

  8. Viral Vectors 101: Calcium Sensors

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...to monitor? Neurons, for example, have unusually fast calcium dynamics, whereas non-neuronal systems tend...populations of neurons in vivo to study circuit activity. CaMPARI is available for neuron-specific expression...and target a defined population of cells (e.g., a neuron subtype) and specific subcellular compartments ... rapid measurements, like action potentials in neurons. jGCaMP7 and jGCaMP8 are also available with improved...improved version named CaMPARI2 is available for neuron-specific expression in both zebrafish and mammalian...studies. There are different versions optimized for neuron-specific, astrocyte-specific (GCaMP6 only) or mammalian... to measure changes in calcium specific to the neuronal cell body or the axon (GCaMP6 only). The genetic...

  9. Avoiding the Dark Side of Fluorescent Protein Fusions with mOX FPs

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...whether and how well your FP will function in the environment where it will localize [4]. Most investigators...in or were engineered for use in cytoplasmic environments. However, approximately 40% of human (and most... localize to chemically distinct subcellular environments, including the organelles that compose the secretory...to interfere with the function of resident ER chaperones and may impact cellular function or possibly ...consequences of misfolded dark FP fusions including erroneous quantitation of fusion protein levels. It remains...these compartments using CRISPR systems should strongly consider using moxFPs over standard FPs for the...optimizing fluorescent proteins for subcellular environment. Currently, she is a SPIRE postdoctoral fellow...

  10. New Neuroscience Tool: The iGluSnFR3 Glutamate Sensor

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...soluble protein CAG: Generic strong promoter. Formulated as AAV-DJ for neuronal expression. CAG-FLEX: CAG... the ability to monitor glutamate release from neurons and other brain cells in vivo. Glutamate plays ...synaptic communication and can trigger other forms of neuronal signaling and regulation. To create iGluSnFR, ...responsiveness, they showed that iGluSnFR could detect neuronal activity in C. elegans, zebrafish, and mice. ...higher expression levels in bacteria and produces stronger fluorescent signals upon sensing glutamate in ...membrane-targeting flavors – PDGFR, GPI, and SGZ, to improve neuronal membrane trafficking and localization. Improved...iGluSnFR3 have higher expression levels and produce stronger fluorescent signals upon sensing glutamate using...
Showing: 131 - 140 of 677 results