... a particular GPCR is to engineer a chimeric protein consisting of an opsin and the GPCR of interest (...OptoXRs are chimeras of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and an opsin engineered to activate a specific ...lunata (WiChR). Other Opsin-based Tools OptoXRs GPCRs activate signaling cascades driving a variety of...response to specific stimuli. In fact, the animal GPCRs responsible for vision found in rod and cone photoreceptor... (referred to as an optoGPCR or OptoXR). Combining the extracellular domain of an endogenous light-sensitive..., with the intracellular domain of an endogenous GPCR, such as adrenergic receptor, makes a receptor that...signaling cascade upon light exposure. OptoXRs and OptoGPCRs enable a broad range of pathways to be activated...