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...need our A549 cells to express Cas9. In these particular experiments, we generated A549 cells stably expressing...

...and reagents from other vendors should produce similar outcomes when using these protocols. However, please...

...both Cas12a and Cas3. Similarly, some Acr proteins are specific to a particular species of CRISPR enzymes... Browse Plasmids: Prime Edit Large Scale Edits CRISPR can generate large-scale genetic changes, including...Cas13a-based molecular detection platform. Based on this non-specific cleavage, a Cas13a-based molecular detection...CRISPR Guide Overview CRISPR Basics Small Edits Large Edits Genome-Wide Screening Cas9 Fusion Tools Cas9...techniques are referred to as CRISPR ( C lustered R egularly I nterspaced S hort P alindromic R epeat) technologies...and adaptability, CRISPR rapidly became the most popular genome engineering approach. Engineered CRISPR ...knockout or gene edit; or using Cas9 to generate large genomic deletions or inversions with two gRNA sites...

...replication as it activates the necessary cellular machinery to produce large amounts of rAAV vectors. The E1 gene...a double-stranded circular episome which can concatemerize, producing high molecular weight structures...retinal disease, spinal muscular atrophy, hemophilia A and B, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Many clinical...cloning and working with plasmids, visit Addgene’s Molecular Biology Reference . Production The three production...distributing widely throughout the organism to target large or diffused biological structures. Specifically,...visualize connections between neurons within the brain. Large-scale examples of mapping the brain through neuronal...researchers are used to detect, measure, and control molecular signals of cells (commonly neurons) in response...

...and CIB1 450 LARIAT Inhibits protein function by reversibly sequestering targets into large, optically ...Thompson, K. R., & Deisseroth, K. (2010). Molecular and cellular approaches for diversifying and extending...cells (frequently neurons) and their governing biomolecular processes with light. Read this guide to learn...and sensors (genetically-encoded reporters of molecular signals). These areas have each since grown and...optogenetics tool. They typically allow the fast depolarization of neurons upon exposure to light through direct...and traffics well to the membrane. Excitatory (Depolarizing) ChR Variants The optogenetic toolbox has been...light-gated, cation channels resulting in excitation (depolarization) of the neuron. Feature enhancements include...

...usually VSV-G due to wide infectivity) VSV-G (vesicular stomatitis virus G protein) is the most common...First-generation First-generation lentiviral plasmids are largely defunct due to their lack of safety improvements...on different plasmids, the viral genome remains largely intact. First-generation plasmids include (Figure...cloning and working with plasmids, visit Addgene’s Molecular Biology Reference . Production After cloning, ... shaping integration site preferences. A major cellular determinant is LEDGF (also known as PSIP1 or p75...cells Chimeric envelope genes have also gained popularity to further enhance both infectivity and specificity... dictate the target cell population and reduce cellular toxicity. Common Uses of Lentiviral Vectors Due...

...antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a particularly popular application of gamma-retroviral vectors.... usually VSV-G due to wide infectivity VSV-G (vesicular stomatitis virus G protein) is the most common...cloning and working with plasmids, visit Addgene’s Molecular Biology Reference . Production Using HEK293T Gamma-retroviral...embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells (Figure 3A), similar to lentiviral packaging methods . The three plasmids...packaging cell line. For example, Phoenix™ is a popular second-generation gamma-retroviral packaging cell...often used to make stable cell lines. Like their popular lentiviral counterparts, gamma-retroviral vectors...Addgene’s protocol is for lentiviral vectors, but a similar method can be applied when using gamma-retroviral...

... Genetic Edit References CRISPR ( C lustered R egularly I nterspaced S hort P alindromic R epeats) is ...edits, including point mutations, base changes, and large insertions or deletions. For more information on...efficiencies. The template sequences can also have a large impact on editing efficiency. So while testing multiple...experiments, testing multiple pegRNA designs is particularly important for prime editing. CRISPR Intereference... . Lentiviral vectors Lentiviral vectors are a popular option for producing stable cell lines, since the...of AAV vectors is that the packaging limit (how large of a DNA sequence you can actually package into ...lipids, electroporation, or an endosomal approach. Similar to the mRNA method described above, this method...

...vectors, rAdV vectors can provide a large transgene packaging capacity. Large protein-coding genes and complex... First-generation rAdV vectors remain the most popular choice due to their well-established methods, relative...cloning and working with plasmids, visit Addgene’s Molecular Biology Reference . AdEasy™ AdEasy™, developed...developed by Bert Vogelstein’s lab , is the most popular method for creating first-generation rAdV vectors, which...within the nucleus, normally as double-stranded circular episomes. Due to this, and to the strong host’...shorter period of time or when needing to package larger cargo. CRISPR-Cas9 Delivery As compared to other... and third-generation vectors. This capacity is large enough to carry the Cas9 gene and a gRNA expression...

...Assays Selection Validation Affinity reagents are molecular tools used in the lab to specifically and tightly...above are used to create hybridomas, which produce large amounts of a single antibody with little variation...antibody is made up of four protein chains: two large heavy chains and two small light chains. These four...In IHC, tissue sections are assayed and the extracellular matrix remains intact. The signaling molecule...enzyme. In ICC, cells have most or all of their extracellular matrix removed. Again, the signaling molecule... fluorophore colors in flow cytometry, but the largest panels used currently are in the mid-forties. When...conjugate or looking for antibodies validated for a similar assay type) and search again. After filtering, ...

...educational resources cover a wide range of topics in molecular biology, laboratory research, and career development...eBooks Download any of our eBooks to learn about popular topics related to our collections. Titles include...plasmids in Addgene’s repository , and related molecular biology techniques. Topics include: Genome Engineering...Viral Vectors Plasmid Technology Career Readiness Molecular Biology Learn about plasmids, sequencing, vectors..., and restriction enzymes to assist with your molecular biology research. Topics include: Antibiotic Concentrations...is a Plasmid? Genetic Code Strain Information Molecular Cloning Techniques Protocols Find written and ...protocols for a wide range of applications in molecular biology, plasmid cloning, and virus, including...

... Chemogenetic tools are actuators for specific cellular pathways, receptors, or ion channels targeted ...based on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) . The largest class of cell surface receptors, GPCRs are seven-pass...stimulating phospholipase C, which releases intracellular calcium stores. There are currently three Gq...and activate neuronal signaling by increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations. There is currently one ... was created by replacing the corresponding intracellular region of a turkey erythrocyte β-adrenergic ...muscarinic-receptor based DREADDs. Compound 21 has similar potency as CNO, while DCZ is more potent than either...targeted to specific tissues, cell types or even subcellular regions of a neuron. Cell-specific expression...

...Collection of guides that describe how popular scientific techniques work...activity. Read More CRISPR Class 2 C lustered R egularly I nterspaced S hort P alindromic R epeat (CRISPR...cells (frequently neurons) and their governing biomolecular processes. The tools and technologies developed...utilize light to detect, measure, and control molecular signals and cells in order to understand their...

...designed to cover only a subset of genes, or very large (e.g., the Toronto KnockOut (TKO) library from the... of cells as plasmids in the TKO library. Using large numbers of cells minimizes the effects of random... out our blog posts featuring some of our most popular libraries! Genome-wide Screening Using CRISPR/Cas9... CRISPR Libraries Offer Genome-Wide Control for Large-Scale Functional Screens New Tool for Lineage Tracing...

...information on molecular biology, plasmids, and recombinant DNA, please consult Addgene's Molecular Biology ... Educational Resources Molecular Biology Reference Sequencing Primers Sequencing...verification over the years. Below is a list of popular universal primers available from most sequencing...

...September 2023 | Fourth Edition About Based on our popular Plasmids 101 blog series, this eBook covers everything...

... Educational Resources Molecular Biology Reference Promoters Promoters Prokaryotic...