...cell when triggered by green-yellow light. Arch Variants. Arch variants have been developed with the following...Browse Halorhodopsin plasmids . Archaerhodopsins Archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) from Halorubrum sodomense is ...589 Archaerhodopsins Arch Light-activated outward proton pump from Halorubrum sodomense 566 eArch 3.0 ...TP009. Improved light sensitivity over Arch. 566 eArchT 3.0 ArchT with addition of trafficking signal from...3.0 Arch with addition of trafficking signal from Kir2.1 566 ArchT Light-activated outward proton pump from...used to inhibit neurons in optogenetic experiments. Arch is a light-activated outward proton pump that hyperpolarizes...Example: ArchT Increased photocurrent amplitude Examples: eArch3.0, eArchT3.0 Browse Archaerhodopsin plasmids...

... help you get started using CRISPR in your own research. CRISPR Basics In this section, we will introduce...same chromosome. Most multiplex systems enable researchers to target anywhere from 2–7 genetic loci by cloning...later in the guide. Increasing fidelity of Cas9 Researchers have also enhanced specificity by engineering... overcome the CRISPR systems that bacteria and archaea use to protect against these foreign nucleic acids...Base Editing To overcome low HDR efficiency, researchers have developed base editors to specifically convert...Figure 5: Overview of base editing More recently, researchers have developed base editors that can catalyze...Base Edit CRISPR Prime Editing Prime editing is a “search and replace” gene editing method in which Moloney...

...transcription actually begins. Only eukaryotes and archaea, however, contain this TATA box. Most prokaryotes... proteins. Common Eukaryotic Promoters Used in Research Promoter Expression Description CMV Constitutive...controlled operon. Common Bacterial Promoters used in Research Promoter Expression Description T7 Constitutive...newest breakthroughs in plasmid technologies and research to overviews of molecular biology basics and plasmid...

...chromosomal DNA. Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant ...eukaryotic, as well as common promoters used in research check out our promoters reference page . Selectable...information to aid in the reproducibility of scientific research. Resources Genetic Code The genetic code can be...newest breakthroughs in plasmid technologies and research, to overviews of molecular biology basics and ...

...constant regions of other antibodies. This has useful research applications, and is covered in the following ...conjugating reactions are possible. It is important to research your reaction and buffer before conjugating your...powerful, but in order to utilize it in the lab, researchers must be able to detect if and where an antibody...antibodies validated for a similar assay type) and search again. After filtering, narrow down further by ...

...DNA is an essential process used in scientific research and discovery. With molecular cloning scientists... on choosing the right cloning method for your research project . The following guide will highlight several...are naturally produced by certain bacteria and archaea, cleave double stranded DNA (dsDNA) at specific...

...range of topics in molecular biology, laboratory research, and career development. eBooks Download any of... enzymes to assist with your molecular biology research. Topics include: Antibiotic Concentrations for...

...tools and technologies developed for optogenetics research utilize light to detect, measure, and control ...different types of viruses that are commonly used in research, including: Lentivirus Adeno-associated Virus ...

...γ-retroviruses (gamma-retroviruses) in cancer and stem cell research has prompted the development of multiple virus... 3’ LTR and are primarily used in gene therapy research to reduce promoter interference and/or drive high...

...activation. When recombinant AAV (rAAV) is used for research purposes, the Rep protein is supplied in trans...AAV7, AAV8, AAV9 Return to Top AAV Pseudotyping Researchers have further refined the tropism of AAV through...

...Started CRISPR is a powerful system that enables researchers to manipulate the genome like never before. This...framework to get you started using CRISPR in your research. Although we will use the example of CRISPR/Cas9...

... but do encode another marker, such as GFP. A researcher can use FACS to sort cells expressing GFP and...institution's best practices with regard to lentiviral research. The NIH has additional information on lentiviral...

...Sternson SM (2019). Ultrapotent chemogenetics for research and potential clinical applications. Science. ...