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We narrowed to 14 results for: NTS

Showing: 1 - 14 of 14 results

  1. Optogenetics Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...function of the neuron. NpHR Variants. Variants have been engineered with enhancements such as: Human codon optimization... light. Arch Variants. Arch variants have been developed with the following enhancements: Increased light... its variants allow for inhibition of neurons using blue-green light. Mac Variants. Mac variants have ...Inhibitory (Hyperpolarizing) ChR Variants. Alternatively, ChR variants that inhibit neurons have been created... these variants result in the hyperpolarization of neurons. Examples of anion channel variants from other...Guide to Channelrhodopsin Variants: Features, Limitations and Future Developments. Exp Physiol. 96(1): 19...wild-type opsin of each and some examples of relevant variants. This list is not exhaustive - please browse our...

  2. Lentiviral Vector Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...laboratory, the non-required components have been removed, and the required components have been separated into... of all lentiviral plasmid components, see the Lentiviral Plasmid Elements table . In order to produce... gone through improvements over the years for efficiency and safety. These improvements have been divided...our lentiviral guide to learn about lentiviral components, generations, lentiviral production, and common...Pseudotyping Common Uses Safety Resources Plasmid Elements Glossary Lentiviruses are a type of retrovirus...stable delivery of various genes, mutations, or treatments into cells, and has been widely used in the research...require different isoforms of these packaging components. Therefore, lentivirus may not be efficiently...

  3. Antibody Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...antibody fragments consisting of two scFvs bound to a CH3 domain. Fab fragments - Fab fragments are created... called the antigen binding fragments (Fab). The tips of the Fab fragments contain highly variable regions...Affinity Reagents There are several alternatives to antibodies, ranging from antibody fragments (shown ...Structure Isotypes Antigen Specificity Other Affinity Reagents Handling Visualization Signal Amplification Application...Multiplex Assays Selection Validation Affinity reagents are molecular tools used in the lab to specifically...foreign bodies, are the most commonly used affinity reagents. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins, naturally produced...interest is introduced to the animal, which then mounts an immune response to it. Once the immune response...

  4. CRISPR Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...multiple Cas9 variants, including high fidelity Cas9s, Cas9s with various PAM requirements, and other Cas...scale edits by integrating segments of DNA flanked by specific repeat elements into the genome. CRISPR-associated...mechanism Engineered CRISPR systems contain two components: a guide RNA ( gRNA or sgRNA ) and a CRISPR-associated...mechanisms of CRISPR and some of the ways the CRISPR components are leveraged to achieve specific goals, such...the Cas enzyme. Basic Mechanisms of CRISPR The requirements for a CRISPR knockout assay are simple. You’...Cut) Multiplex Genome Engineering Many CRISPR experiments involve editing more than one gene. In these ...RuvC and HNH, can be altered to reduce cleavage events to a single cut (nick) or no cuts. Cas9 nickase...

  5. Plan Your Experiment

    Type
    Guide
    ...down which reagents are appropriate for a given experiment. Make sure to check whether reagents are available...you are ready to start navigating the different reagents that are available for your particular experiment...genetic manipulations require different CRISPR components. Selecting a specific genetic manipulation can...dCas9-KRAB) or dCas9 gRNA(s) targeting promoter elements of target gene dCas9-KRAB is more effective than...such as dCas9-VP64) gRNA(s) targeting promoter elements of target gene Many different activators exist...cells), transfection with standard transfection reagents may be sufficient to express the CRISPR machinery...(e.g. primary cells), viral delivery of CRISPR reagents may be more appropriate. In cases where off-target...

  6. Molecular Biology Reference

    Type
    Guide
    ...amplified. These DNA fragments are attached to a glass slide so that different fragments of DNA, or templates...Biology Basics Origins of Molecular Genetics Plasmid Elements Working with Plasmids Introduction Types of Plasmids...enable isolation and purification of cellular components, such as DNA, but practically this isolation ...restriction enzymes would yield about two million DNA fragments, which is far too many to separate from each other...preparation of more managable (i.e., smaller) DNA fragments. In 1952, Joshua Lederberg coined the term plasmid...extrachromosomal heritable determinant. Plasmids are fragments of double-stranded DNA that typically carry genes...electrophoresis allowed for the ability to move specific fragments of DNA from one context to another, such as from...

  7. Gamma-Retroviral Vector Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...gamma-retroviral plasmid components, see the Gamma-Retroviral Plasmid Elements table . In order to produce...gamma-retroviral guide to learn about gamma-retroviral components, retroviral production, and common uses. Guides...Pseudotyping Common Uses Safety Resources Plasmid Elements Glossary Gamma-retroviruses are a subtype of retrovirus...stable delivery of various genes, mutations, or treatments into cells, and has been widely used in the research...require different isoforms of these packaging components. Therefore, gamma-retroviruses may not be efficiently...production, and scientists have made changes to these components for increased safety when producing viral vectors...produce gamma-retroviral vectors, these required components have been separated into distinct plasmids for...

  8. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...For a summary of all AAV plasmid components, see the AAV Plasmid Elements table . Figure 2: Plasmids required...random integration events can occur at a very low frequency. As with most experiments, infection risks ... viral vector guide to learn about AAV vector components, production and common uses. Guides...Common Uses Safety Resources and References Plasmid Elements Glossary Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAV) are small... necessary cellular machinery to produce large amounts of rAAV vectors. The E1 gene is not included in... Rep68, which can bind to specific Rep-binding elements present in the AAV ITRs and the AAVS1 site. Since...vectors. AAV Types Serotypes AAV serotypes are AAV variants that differ in their tropism — that is, the types...

  9. Adenovirus Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ... of all adenoviral plasmid components, see the Adenoviral Plasmid Elements table . Adenoviral Generations...random integration events can occur at a very low frequency. As with most experiments, infection risks ...titers for their use in experiments. Needle sticks and ripped gloves are common points of entry. Biosafety...vector guide to learn about adenoviral vector components, production and common uses. Guides...Common Uses Safety Resources and References Plasmid Elements Glossary Adenoviruses (AdV) are medium-sized, ... cold. The immune system recognizes adenoviral elements rapidly and can mount a strong immune response...cells throughout viral vector production. During experiments, GFP can be used to sort cells infected with ...

  10. Cloning

    Type
    Guide
    ...restriction enzymes to cut dsDNA of interest into fragments containing precise 5' or 3' single-strand overhangs...produce predictable resulting ends in the DNA fragments. Given its prevalence, the vast majority of plasmids...ligase. 5' exonuclease digests the 5' end of dsDNA fragments to generate 3' single-stranded overhangs. DNA ... DNA strands together. In Gibson assembly DNA fragments with 20-40 base pair homology at their ends can...exonuclease chews back the 5’ ends of your DNA fragments generating long overhangs that anneal to each ...it allows for the simple assembly of multiple fragments of DNA in the chosen orientation, and without ...recombination sites). Any double stranded DNA fragments can be used, so if properly designed, any insert...

  11. Promoters

    Type
    Guide
    ... RNA polymerase. DNA sequences called response elements are located within promoter regions, and they ...regulatory sequences including enhancers, boundary elements, insulators, and silencers. Promoter Regions There... package DNA into nucleosomes. Histone binding prevents the initiation of transcription whereas transcription...promoter which contains many primary regulatory elements. The proximal promoter is found approximately ... binding sites, but mostly contains regulatory elements. Eukaryotic Promoters Eukaryotic Transcription.... It is not unusual to have several regulatory elements such as enhancers several kilobases away from ...are normally bound by a repressor protein that prevents transcription. When an inducer molecule binds ...

  12. Guide to Using Pooled Libraries

    Type
    Guide
    ...you to design additional hypothesis-directed experiments. As you might have guessed from their name, pooled... false positives or false negatives in later experiments, and can also negatively affect data reproducibility...only way to accurately evaluate which library components are influenced by selection, so it’s essential...allows for parallel sequencing of millions of DNA fragments simultaneously in a single reaction. As discussed...

  13. Chemogenetics Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...barrier in rats, and the utility of DREADDs in experiments in this species may be entirely due to back-metabolism...issues as CNO and are attractive alternatives for experiments. Perlapine has been previously used in human ...respond to the same ligands was that bidirectional experiments (e.g. using both activating and inhibiting DREADDs...absence of Cre and are especially useful in AAV experiments where the virus can spread around the injection...

  14. Addgene's eBook Collection

    Type
    Guide
    ...applications, tips for using vectors in your experiments, troubleshooting advice on production and use...
Showing: 1 - 14 of 14 results