...receptors potently activated by an inert ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:5163–68. PMID: 17360345 (...and biological light sources for opsin activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 113:E358-67. PMID: 26733686 (...with a specifically designed Gi-coupled receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:352–57. PMID: 9419379 (Link...G protein regulation of β cell function in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:19197–202. PMID: 19858481...to be involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including initiating signaling pathways in inflammation...

...randomized reorganization process, creating a unique binding site. This process, known as V(D)J recombination...delaying a process through sequential rounds of validation. Validation of an antibody is a process separate...binding partners, location in the cell, and sample processing can hide or reveal epitopes on an antigen. Monoclonal...can interfere with the conjugate or conjugation process. Sodium azide, an antimicrobial agent, can block...proteins to detect simultaneously. Conjugation The process of attaching signaling molecules to an antibody...available. Tissue samples may need additional processing steps, such as sonication. Denature proteins,...proteins from a complex mix. Overview of application Process the tissue or cell culture samples to extract proteins...

...The actual process of Illumina NGS is not that different from Sanger sequencing. This process, like Sanger... similarly referred to as cloned DNA, and this process of generating multiple identical copies of a recombinant...molecule is known as DNA or molecular cloning . The process of molecular cloning enabled scientists to break... synthesized RNA signals for the transcription process to stop. An expression vector can also include ...Sequencing In 1975, Frederick Sanger developed the process termed Sanger sequencing, sometimes referred to...sequence of the complementary strand. The replication process can also be done in a test tube to copy DNA regions...adding nucleotides. The major difference in this process occurs when the polymerase incorporates a fluorescently...

...lentiviral vectors from your plasmids (Figure 5). This process requires a production cell line, typically human...with or without determining the viral titer. This process of viral production followed by transduction is...can be altered by changing the envelope gene, a process called pseudotyping. VSV-G is by far the most common...genes may be involved in different biological processes by surveying a pool of genetic mutants for various...definition, at the beginning of R, is capped, and proceeds through U5 and the rest of the provirus. Third-generation...plasmids, packaging cell line). Infection The natural process of entry and multiplication of a pathogen, like...and genes provided in trans . Transduction The process of artificially introducing foreign DNA into eukaryotic...

...genome. Instead, the linear rAAV DNA is typically processed into a double-stranded circular episome which ...AAV serotypes. Pseudotypes Pseudotyping is the process of producing viral vectors in combination with ... proteins that carry out a naturally occurring process known as protein trans-splicing. As these methods...plasmids, packaging cell line). Infection The natural process of entry and multiplication of a pathogen, like... or replicating. Lytic cycle Viral replication process where the virus uses the cell machinery to produce... the main cell body, or soma. Transduction The process of artificially introducing foreign DNA into eukaryotic...eukaryotic cells using viral vectors. Transfection The process of artificially introducing foreign DNA into eukaryotic...

...can be altered by changing the envelope gene, a process called pseudotyping. VSV-G is by far the most common...to their integration into a host’s genome. The process of generating stable cell lines with gamma-retroviral...specificity of infection for CD4-expressing cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 94 (16)...the beginning of R, has a 5' cap structure, and proceeds through U5 and the rest of the provirus. Some ...plasmids, packaging cell line). Infection The natural process of entry and multiplication of a pathogen, like...and genes provided in trans . Transduction The process of artificially introducing foreign DNA into eukaryotic... cells using viral methods. Transformation The process where bacteria take up DNA from their environment...

...pre-existing immunity. Pseudotypes Pseudotyping is the process of producing viral vectors in combination with ...system for generating recombinant adenoviruses . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United...plasmids, packaging cell line). Infection The natural process of entry and multiplication of a pathogen, like...agent at a specific time point. Transduction The process of artificially introducing foreign DNA into eukaryotic...eukaryotic cells using viral methods. Transfection The process of artificially introducing foreign DNA into eukaryotic...cells using non-viral methods. Transformation The process where bacteria take up DNA from their environment...

...frequently neurons) and their governing biomolecular processes. The tools and technologies developed for optogenetics...functions. Example schematic of an optogenetics procedure. A channelrhodopsin, fused to mCherry, is expressed...outside of the brain, rendering the experimental procedure less invasive. Different activation wavelengths...2013. Optobiology: optical control of biological processes via protein engineering. Biochem Soc Trans. 41... excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction. Nature. 477(7363):171...

...the creation of recombinant DNA is an essential process used in scientific research and discovery. With...recombination reaction, drastically simplifying the process and reducing the amount of time required for cloning...nicks will be repaired by the normal replication process. It is important to note that LIC has difficulty...

...is necessary to model your specific disease or process of interest. Do you want to: Generate complete ... method of delivery and the cell type. Before proceeding with your experiment, it may be necessary to ...

...condensed multiplexing capabilities , as it can process multiple gRNAs under a single promoter, and can...which include Cas13a , Cas13b , and Cas13d , can process crRNA precursors to mature crRNAs. Upon ssRNA recognition...

...frequently neurons) and their governing biomolecular processes. The tools and technologies developed for optogenetics...

...transferable skills, and tips on the job application process. Close About Overlay Select CRISPR 101 en español...

...are the general steps to take in the screening process. Amplify the library (electroporation and maxiprep...

...recognition and binding. On the other hand, the process in eukaryotes is much more complex. Eukaryotes ...