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TypeGuide...also like... Plasmid Kits Blog: Plasmids 101 Modular Cloning Blog: Plasmids 101 Modular Cloning Applications...Applications and Kits Blog: Plasmids 101 Golden Gate Cloning Synthetic Biology Plasmids Modular Cloning (or MoClo...functional plasmids. It is a powerful and very efficient method for creating many plasmids from different...Parrott 48 plasmids compatible with the GreenGate Cloning System (Lohmann) to create plasmids with multi-gene...multigene plasmids for genome integration in fission yeast S. pombe . These can be used with plasmids from ...flanked by fusion sites into individual Level 0 plasmids, or choose from a growing number of libraries ...Toolkit Plant Expression Sylvestre Marillonnet 95 plasmids for cloning and assembling standardized parts ...
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Molecular Biology Reference
TypeGuide...Working with Plasmids Introduction Types of Plasmids E. coli strains for propagating plasmids Antibiotics...Restriction Cloning Plasmids 101: Inducible Promoters Plasmids 101: What is a plasmid? Plasmids 101: Antibiotic...amino acids and 64 codon combinations each amino acid is encoded for by multiple codons. Plasmids and Recombinant...bacteria without plasmids can replicate faster and out-populate bacteria with plasmids, thus selecting ...Addgene's sequencing primer list. Working with Plasmids Plasmids have become an essential tool in molecular...rates, plasmids can be replicated easily and efficiently in a laboratory setting. Stable - Plasmids are ...RNAs, or other genetic elements. Types of Plasmids Plasmids are versitile and can be used in many different... -
Lentiviral Vector Guide
TypeGuide...on different plasmids, the viral genome remains largely intact. First-generation plasmids include (Figure...lentiviral plasmids. Created with BioRender.com. Second-generation Second-generation lentiviral plasmids greatly...in second-generation transfer plasmids as well. Third-generation plasmids include (Figure 4): Transfer ... transfer plasmids can be packaged by either second- or third-generation packaging plasmids. For a summarized...transfer plasmids that have been deposited with Addgene are self-inactivating (SIN) plasmids. These plasmids...included a glossary at the end! Browse lentiviral plasmids available at Addgene. Lentivirus Versus Gamma-...required components have been separated into distinct plasmids for safety. For a summary of all lentiviral plasmid... -
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) Guide
TypeGuide... Engineered Variants Hybrid capsids Hybrid capsids are engineered capsids derived from multiple different...Examples of AAV serotypes, pseudotypes, hybrid capsids, and capsids created through directed evolution. Created...all of Addgene’s transfer plasmids are replication deficient. These plasmids can be used to create viral...'ve included a glossary at the end! Browse AAV plasmids available at Addgene. Adeno-Associated Virus versus...plasmid. In order to produce rAAV vectors, three plasmids are needed: Transfer plasmid (also known as cis...necessary for the production and assembly of viral capsids. Helper plasmid — containing adenoviral genes not...see the AAV Plasmid Elements table . Figure 2: Plasmids required for rAAV vector production. Created with... -
Gamma-Retroviral Vector Guide
TypeGuide...on separate plasmids ( in trans ). This method, therefore, reduces the number of plasmids that are required...transfer plasmids that have been deposited with Addgene are self-inactivating (SIN). These plasmids have ...included a glossary at the end! Browse retroviral plasmids available at Addgene. Gamma-Retrovirus Versus ...Gamma-retroviral vectors do not have defined “generations” of plasmids, as lentiviral vectors do. For more about lentiviruses...required components have been separated into distinct plasmids for safety to reduce the chance of creating replication-competent...produce gamma-retroviral vectors, you need three plasmids (Figure 2): Transfer plasmid — contains transgene...(known as tropism). Figure 2: Gamma-retroviral plasmids. Created with BioRender.com. Gamma-Retroviral ... -
CRISPR Guide
TypeGuide...Addgene's guide to using CRISPR plasmids in your lab, from knockouts to pooled library screening.... cell must be validated experimentally. Browse Plasmids: Double-Strand Break (Cut) Multiplex Genome Engineering...later. Read more about Cas9 multiplexing . Browse Plasmids: Multiplex gRNA Vectors Engineering the Cas9 Endonuclease...specificity and activity are discovered. Browse Plasmids: Single-Strand Break (Nick) , Double-Strand Break...archaea use to protect against these foreign nucleic acids. Acr family members inhibit CRISPR by a variety ...CRISPR editing only to the target tissue. Browse Plasmids: Anti-CRISPR Small Precision Edits CRISPR can ... (see: Validate genetic modification ). Browse Plasmids: Endogenous Tagging CRISPR Base Editing To overcome... -
Adenovirus Guide
TypeGuide...of non-recombinant adenoviral plasmids. Recombinant adenoviral plasmids are then verified for size and...structural proteins needed to assemble icosahedral capsids and build new virions. Figure 1: Wild-type adenovirus...included a glossary at the end! Browse adenoviral plasmids available at Addgene. Adenovirus versus Adeno-...genes are now supplied in trans , via different plasmids or the packaging cell line, which not only frees...to produce rAdV vectors, you generally need two plasmids: Shuttle plasmid (also known as transfer plasmid...packaging signal from the HV genome or using other plasmids instead of HVs. Figure 4: Third-generation rAdV...enzyme, Gibson Assembly, or Gateway. Some transfer plasmids may have limited restriction sites or may only... -
Guide to Using Pooled Libraries
TypeGuide...are single preparations of many different plasmids. Plasmids within a given library have the same backbone...the overall library. Barcoding libraries contain plasmids with unique, semi-random sequences that can be...libraries are supplied as a mixed population of plasmids in a single tube. Pooled libraries can be small...lab has over 175,000 different gRNA-containing plasmids). Amplifying and Using the Library Once you receive...notably pooled lentiviral plasmid libraries, the plasmids must first be used to make virus. This pooled ...pooled virus is subsequently used to deliver the plasmids to the cells of interest. In either case, next-generation...need to infect many more cells than the number of plasmids present in the library - for example, the Moffat... -
Optogenetics Guide
TypeGuide...Addgene's guide to using Optogenetics plasmids in your lab, including explanations of microbial opsin...Biosensors Plasmid Collection . To find optogenetics plasmids available through Addgene, check out our Optogenetics... of opsins here to find the right optogenetics plasmids for your experiments. Channelrhodopsins Channelrhodopsins...SwiChRca, Phobos, Aurora Browse Channelrhodospin plasmids . Halorhodopsins Halorhodopsins are light-gated...action spectra Example: Jaws Browse Halorhodopsin plasmids . Archaerhodopsins Archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) from...Examples: eArch3.0, eArchT3.0 Browse Archaerhodopsin plasmids . Wild-Type Mac Leptosphaeria rhodopsin (Mac) ...amplitude Example: eMac3.0 Browse Leptosphaeria plasmids . Glossary of Microbial Opsin Variants Opsin Type... -
Chemogenetics Guide
TypeGuide...Preparations of Chemogenetic Plasmids ! Table 4. Common promoters in chemogenetics plasmids Promoter Cell Specificity...Addgene's guide to using Chemogenetics plasmids in your lab for interrogation of neuronal activity. Science...population they are targeted to. To find chemogenetics plasmids available through Addgene, check out our Chemogenetics...the text. Browse Addgene's collection of DREADD plasmids ! PSAMs Unlike DREADDs, which manipulate neuronal... al., 2011 Browse Addgene's collection of PSAM plasmids ! LMOs Luminopsins (LMOs), or luminescent opsins...et al., 2025 Browse Addgene's collection of LMO plasmids ! Planning Your Chemogenetics Experiment If you're...and a wide variety of AAV-encoding chemogenetics plasmids are available. Additionally, genetically engineered... -
Plan Your Experiment
TypeGuide...design. Addgene offers many plasmids containing validated gRNAs . These plasmids contain gRNAs that have ...Application Cas Enzyme Additional Considerations Browse Plasmids Knockout Permanently disrupt gene function; cells..., anneal, and insert the targeting oligos into plasmids containing the gRNA scaffold using standard restriction-ligation...fluorophore) are also relevant. Delivery Using Plasmids The most straightforward method to deliver a CRISPR...mammalian cells is to directly transfect expression plasmids encoding your Cas protein and gRNA, which you ...options. Browse Addgene's collection of CRISPR plasmids . Delivery Using Viral Vectors Viral vectors are...You then delivery the RNP to cells using cationic lipids, electroporation, or an endosomal approach. Similar... -
Cloning
TypeGuide...Entry plasmids are also available, allowing for rapid cloning of PCR products into donor plasmids without...manipulate genes of interest and then insert them into plasmids for replication and protein expression. So how...fragments. Given its prevalence, the vast majority of plasmids used for DNA cloning and expression contain several...clonase enzymes. Thousands of Gateway® destination plasmids have been made with different promoters, tags ... recombination easily move it into a series of plasmids that allow you to do many different molecular ... becomes progressively more difficult to clone plasmids larger than 10kb. Another advantage is the ability... -
Promoters
TypeGuide...components. Plasmids 101: The Promoter Region-Let's Go Plasmids 101: Inducible Promoters Plasmids 101: Repressible...molecules that are responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome when proteins are being synthesized...Resources Addgene's blog , including our popular Plasmids 101 series , covers topics ranging from the newest...Repressible Promoters Plasmids 101: Terminators and PolyA signals... -
Antibody Guide
TypeGuide...little variation. Recombinant plasmids - Antibodies can be produced from plasmids, with an antibody’s genetic... genes from specific hybridoma cells into plasmids. Plasmids are then transfected into cells and induced...immune cells, or through the use of recombinant plasmids. Animals - Antibodies produced in animals make... ready-to-use recombinant antibodies made from plasmids in our collection. View Antibodies... -
Addgene's eBook Collection
TypeGuide...Selected Download Select Plasmids 101 September 2023 | Fourth Edition About Plasmids 101 September 2023 ...popular Plasmids 101 blog series, this eBook covers everything you need to know about plasmids, from parts... -
Sequencing Primers
TypeGuide...Addgene uses for sequence verification of deposited plasmids....Addgene does not distribute primers. For sequencing plasmids in our repository, we've chosen primers based ... for sanger sequence verification of deposited plasmids. Below is a list of commonly used primers. This...GCAACGTGCTGGTTATTGTG Rabbit beta-globin intron, for pCAG plasmids, forward primer pCasper-F GGGTTTTATTAACTTACAT ... -
Educational Resources
TypeGuide...topics related to our collections. Titles include: Plasmids 101 CRISPR 101 Viral Vectors 101 Fluorescent Proteins...include: Protocols Careers How-to Blog Read about plasmids in Addgene’s repository , and related molecular...Career Readiness Molecular Biology Learn about plasmids, sequencing, vectors, and restriction enzymes ... -
Science Guides
TypeGuide...are single preparations of many different plasmids. Plasmids within a given library have the same backbone...