... Y, Oyama K, Ji B, Takahashi M, Huang X-P, Slocum ST, DiBerto JF, Xiong Y, Urushihata T, Hirabayashi T...respond to a different ligand, Salvinorin B (SALB). Scientists have shown that both KORD and hM3Dq can be used...PSEMs (or uPSEMs), have also been developed as agonists for PSAM4. A given PSAM is coupled with an ion...controlled with cell-type specific promoters. Table 3 lists some common promoters found in chemogenetic receptor...PMID: 22821234 Roth BL (2016). DREADDs for Neuroscientists. Neuron 89:683–694. PMID: 26889809 Small KM...

...meningitidis (NM) 3' NNNNGATT Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) 3' NNAGAAW Treponema denticola (TD) 3' NAAAAC Additional...CRISPR-Display. 2015. Shechner DM, Hacisuleyman E, Younger ST, Rinn JL. Nat Methods . 12(7):664-70. PMID: 26030444...transcription-activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) required scientists to design and generate a new nuclease pair for...sites throughout the genome where partial homology exists. These sites are called off-targets and need to...

... can be context-dependent, and thus the plasmid exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host cell....exogenous DNA fragments can be inserted. When a plasmid exists extrachromosomally in E. coli , it is replicated...cloning . The process of molecular cloning enabled scientists to break chromosomes down to study their genes...marking the birth of molecular genetics. Today, scientists can easily study and manipulate genes and other...techniques . Plasmid Elements Plasmids used by scientists today come in many sizes and vary broadly in ...versitile and can be used in many different ways by scientists. The combination of elements often determines...and recommend checking out these two Addgene blog posts relating to common E. coli lab strains and E. coli...

...research and discovery. With molecular cloning scientists can amplify and manipulate genes of interest ...replication and protein expression. So how do scientists recombine DNA? There are many methods that have...sequence sites in the DNA. In restriction cloning, scientists utilize specific restriction enzymes to cut dsDNA...cloning and an in-depth breakdown of restriction digests on our website. Restriction cloning of your gene...exonuclease, polymerase and ligase. 5' exonuclease digests the 5' end of dsDNA fragments to generate 3' single-stranded... with traditional restriction enzyme cloning. Scientists have utilized this approach to create compatible...

...Educational Resources From eBooks to videos and blog posts to protocols, our educational resources cover a ...using Addgene’s materials, and career advice. Playlists include: Protocols Careers How-to Blog Read about...Creating Bacterial Glycerol Stocks Restriction Digests Guides Browse our in-depth instructional content...

...conducts the flow of ions into or out of the cell. Scientists have identified a variety of naturally occurring...instrumental in neurological disorder research, helping scientists to better understand Parkinson’s disease, depression... The optogenetic toolbox has been expanded by scientists through both the identification of novel ChRs...

...equivalent called the Pribnow box which usually consists of the six nucleotides, TATAAT. Proximal Promoter...position, simply titled the -35 element, typically consists of the sequence TTGACA and this element controls...

...Components The small (4.8 kb) ssDNA AAV genome consists of two open reading frames, Rep and Cap, flanked...over standard viruses for in vivo applications. Scientists have also experimented with hybrid capsids derived...

...creating adenoviral vector constructs. The system consists of two types of plasmids: shuttle (or transfer...

...our Viral Vector resources . Check out our blog posts featuring some of our most popular libraries! Genome-wide...

... interest using PCR. The process of subcloning consists of digesting the insert of interest from its parent...