... a double transgenic animal strategy (PV-2a-Cre; SOM-IRES-Flp). Image from Fenno et al., 2014. INTRSECT...window) Cummings KA, Clem RL. 2020. Prefrontal somatostatin interneurons encode fear memory. Nat Neurosci...

...conjunction of vectors and exosome was given the name vexosomes (vector-exosomes), exosome AAVs, or exo-AAVs (...characterized as it is not a common event. What are exosome AAVs? In 2012, Casey Maguire and colleagues from...These AAV particles are often found with cellular exosomes, small membrane vesicles or microvesicles (approx...either associated with the outside surface of the exosome or are carried inside the vesicle, which may also...researchers discovered that these particles have some advantages over the conventionally purified AAV ...the therapeutic efficacy of AAV vectors. How are exosome AAVs produced? Purifying exo-AAVs is actually a...as CD9 is thought to enhance the production of exosomes or stabilize their structure or their interaction...

...yeast, drosophila, plants, worms, zebrafish, frogs, some bacteria; but not thermophilic (high heat loving...editing in mammalian cells Besides being able to take some heat, GeoCas9 can introduce genomic edits in mammalian...? Thermostability? Longevity in human plasma? Something we haven’t thought of yet? Let us know in the ...

...yeast chromosome. Listen to learn more about Dr. Ellis, synthetic biology, synthetic chromosomes, and ...

...source of somatic cells for reprogramming purposes. In this post, I’ll describe an episomal vector system...virus- a non-integrating RNA virus Episomal vectors- extrachromosomally maintained DNA plasmids that express...Reprogramming efficiency of PBMCs with episomal vectors Episomal vectors are based on the Epstein-Barr ...source of somatic cells for reprogramming. Enhancing PBMC reprogramming efficiency: the pCXLE episomal vector... pCXLE episomal vector system generated by the group is an optimized mixture of three episomal plasmids...expression from the other episomal plasmids. When used on PBMCs, the pCXLE episomal vector system increases...opportunity to develop and use patient-specific somatic cells that are otherwise difficult to obtain. These...

...pmScarlet-I_peroxisome_C1 Peroxisome SRL mScarlet-I Dorus Gadella 85064 pmScarlet-H_peroxisome_C1 Peroxisome...GFP-p62 Autophagosome Sequestosome-1 EGFP Noboru Mizushima 38272 pMXs-IP GFP-WIPI-1 Autophagosome WIPI1 ...pCMV-mGold-Lysosome-N-20 Lysosome Lamp1 mGold Francois St-Pierre 98882 Lamp1-mNeonGreen Lysosomes Lamp1 mNeonGreen...mCherry-Lysosomes-20 Lysosomes Lamp1 mCherry* Michael Davidson 79998 pLAMP1-miRFP703 Lysosomes Lamp1 miRFP703...sequence YFP Thorben Dammeyer 54520 mCherry-Peroxisomes-2 Peroxisome Peroximal Targeting Signal 1 (PTS1) mCherry...Michael Davidson 36203 pmTurquoise2-Peroxi Peroxisome Peroxisomal Targeting Sequence mTurquoise2 Dorus Gadella...-KozATG-myc-dL5-2XG4S-mCer3-SKL Peroxisome SKL tripeptide, peroxisome transport signal dL5 FAP; mCerulean3...

...PSMC3 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 3 MGC8487, TBP1 PSMC4 proteasome (prosome, macropain...PSMD10 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 10 dJ889N15.2, p28 PSMD11 proteasome (prosome...PSMD14 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 14 PAD1, POH1, rpn11 PSMD2 proteasome (prosome...PSMD3 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 3 P58, RPN3, S3 PSMD4 proteasome (prosome...MGC110940, OPN SST somatostatin SMST SSTR1 somatostatin receptor 1 SRIF-2 SSTR2 somatostatin receptor 2 - SSTR5...disulfide isomerase family A, member 2 PDA2, PDI, PDIP, PDIR PDIA3 protein disulfide isomerase family A...CCD41, CD201, EPCR, MGC23024, bA42O4.2 PSMB8 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 8 (large ...

...iPSCs or transdifferentiation of a somatic cell to a new type of somatic cell. Sort the table by cell type...body. Multipotent stem cells, such as adult (or somatic) stem cells, can differentiate into multiple cell.... To create iPSCs, fully-differentiated adult somatic cells are returned to a pluripotent state using...they can be directly differentiated into specific somatic stem cells or fully differentiated cell types. ...possible to directly differentiate one differentiated somatic cell into another via transdifferentiation. This...Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells. Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1917-20. ...drug-inducible system for direct reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Sep...

...PdCO, ChrimsonR (soma-targeted) EGFP Cre dependent 1, 5 Yizhar 154948 CaMKII-somBiPOLES-mCerulean CamKII... BiPOLES (soma-targeted) mCerulean Constitutive 5, 9, rg* Wiegert 154951 hSyn-DIO-somBiPOLES-mCerulean...Gradinaru 107708 pAAV-hSynapsin- soCoChR-GFP Syn CoChR (soma-targeted) GFP Constitutive 9 Boyden 107712 pAAV-...pAAV-hSynapsin-FLEX-soCoChR-GFP Syn CoChR (soma-targeted) GFP Cre dependent 9 Boyden 35505 pAAV-CaMKIIa-hChR2...pAAV-hSyn-DIO-ChrimsonR-mRuby2-ST Syn ChrimsonR (soma-targeted) mRuby2 Cre dependent 9 Adesnik 124603 ...pAAV-EF1a-DIO-ChrimsonR-mRuby2-KV2.1-WPRE-SV40 EF1a ChrimsonR (soma-targeted) mRuby2 Cre dependent 9 Harvey 108912 pAAV-CAG-DIO-ChroME-ST-P2A-H2B-mRuby3...pAAV-CAG-DIO-ChroME-ST-P2A-H2B-mRuby3 CAG ChroME (soma-targeted) mRuby3 Cre dependent 9 Adesnik 124651 ...

...targeted to the neuronal soma and proximal dendrites under the control of internal ribosome entry sequence in... mRuby2 fluorophore and targeted to the neuronal soma and proximal dendrites in a viral vector Hillel ...Adesnik 107708-AAV9 pAAV-hSynapsin- soCoChR-GFP A somatic channelrhodopsin, which enables single cell, single... 107712-AAV9 pAAV-hSynapsin-FLEX-soCoChR-GFP A somatic channelrhodopsin, which enables single cell, single...channelrhodopsin ChroME targeted to the neuronal soma and proximal dendrites and separated from nuclear...GRAB_rDA-mut in neurons Yulong Li 158757-AAV8 pAAV-CAG-SomaGCaMP6f2 Cell body-targeted GCaMP6f, under CAG promoter... GCaMP6f. Edward Boyden 158757-AAV9 pAAV-CAG-SomaGCaMP6f2 Cell body-targeted GCaMP6f, under CAG promoter...

...sequence, some base editing systems create a wide spectrum of single-nucleotide variants (somatic hypermutation...will introduce the basic mechanisms of CRISPR and some of the ways the CRISPR components are leveraged ...or inversions with two gRNA sites on the same chromosome. Most multiplex systems enable researchers to...cloning multiple gRNAs into a single plasmid — though some have achieved targeting in the double digits. These... currently no defined measure of fidelity, so sometimes they will be referred to as increased fidelity...amino acid residues to reduce off-target editing. Some mutations disrupt interactions between Cas9 and ... which inhibits both Cas12a and Cas3. Similarly, some Acr proteins are specific to a particular species...

...Sensors GCaMP8 axon-GCaMP8 soma-GCaMP8 ribo-GCaMP8 GCaMP7 GCaMP6 axon-GCaMP6 soma-GCaMP6 Twitch2B Yellow ...dependent 1, 5, 9, rg* GENIE 169258 AAV-hSyn-Soma-jGCaMP8f Syn soma-jGCaMP8f none Constitutive 1, 9, rg* Fyhn...none Constitutive 1 Fyhn 169256 AAV-hSyn-Soma-jGCaMP8s Syn soma-jGCaMP8s none Constitutive 1, 9, rg* Fyhn...none Constitutive 1 Fyhn 169257 AAV-hSyn-Soma-jGCaMP8m Syn soma-jGCaMP8m none Constitutive 1, 9, rg* Fyhn...Flp dependent 8 Deisseroth 158757 AAV-CAG-SomaGCaMP6f2 CAG soma-GCaMP6f2 none Constitutive 8, 9 Boyden Calcium...

...-hSyn-Soma-jGCaMP8s Syn Soma-GCaMP8s Calcium sensor Fyhn 169257 AAV-hSyn-Soma-jGCaMP8m Syn Soma-GCaMP8m...Soma-GCaMP8m Calcium sensor Fyhn 169258 AAV-hSyn-Soma-jGCaMP8f Syn Soma-GCaMP8f Calcium sensor Fyhn 176748 AAV-...CaMKII-somBiPOLES-mCerulean CamKII Bidirectional Optogenetics Wiegert 154951 hSyn-DIO-somBiPOLES-mCerulean...sequencing of the final viral vector preparation. In some cases, in vivo testing of these viral preparations...

...LAMP-1 Lysosome 101783 MAP1LC3B-mEGFP AICSDP-25 mEGFP Autophagy-related protein LC3 B Autophagosomes 101784...SLC25A17-mEGFP AICSDP-27 mEGFP Peroxisomal membrane protein PMP34 Peroxisomes 101785 TUBA1B-mTagRFP-T AICSDP...Mitochondria 87424 DSP-mEGFP AICSDP-9 mEGFP Desmoplakin Desmosomes 87425 ACTB-mEGFP AICSDP-15 mEGFP Beta-actin Actin...RAB5A-mEGFP AICSDP-39 mEGFP Ras-related protein Rab-5A Endosomes 107580 AAVS1-mTagRFPT-CAAX AICSDP-42 mTagRFPT ...

...genetics associated with some of the most common disorders followed by a list of some of the relevant collections...Sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), sometimes referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive...These familial cases, usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, are associated with known genetic... Disease Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes the progressive...

...repetitive and non-repetitive genomic loci, as well as chromosome painting in living cells. Visualizing a specific...labeled proteins to the given region. For example, chromosome-specific repetitive loci can be efficiently visualized...co-delivering multiple gRNAs that tile the locus. Chromosome painting requires delivery of hundreds of gRNAs...gRNAs with target sites throughout the chromosome. Mammalian ID Plasmid Gene/Insert Promoter Selectable...

...Mizushima Autophagy Autophagosome maturation reporter (pmRFP-LC3) Dissection of the autophagosome maturation process...Cuevas-Velazquez , Jose Dinneny Lysosomal pH Lyso-pHluorin for fluorescent readout of lysosome acidification Optogenetic...Bonhoeffer , Mark Huebener , Tobias Rose Calcium Soma-targeted expression of jGCaMP8f, GCaMP7f, or GCaMP6f...from ATP-Mg Hydrolysis Contributes to Mitotic Chromosome Condensation. Curr Biol. 2018 Feb 5;28(3):444...Optogenetic acidification of synaptic vesicles and lysosomes. Nat Neurosci. 2015 Nov 9. Christian Rosenmund...

...addresses", where dCas9 is going to bind on the chromosome. When dCas9 binds to a gene, it blocks the progression...bioRxiv preprint . Detailed information about chromosomal integration of pLC97 can be found in this article...Shearwin, K. E. (2013). One-Step cloning and chromosomal integration of DNA. ACS Synthetic Biology, 2(...dCas9 under a P-tet promoter integrated in the chromosome at phage attachment sites. The levels of the ...

...following table describes the five human isotypes. Some isotypes naturally form multi-antibody units, while...concern for conjugating and signaling molecules, as some buffer components can interfere with the conjugate... Sodium azide, an antimicrobial agent, can block some amines needed for conjugation reactions and should...ubiquitously expressed protein such as GAPDH or tubulin (sometimes referred to as housekeeping genes). This allows...have strong binding between the protein and DNA. Some ChIP protocols use enzyme digestion instead of sonication...antibody using the above process and try again. In some cases, it may be preferable to buy small aliquots...

...of the C. elegans hermaphrodite consists of 959 somatic cells, which makes them attractive for imaging ...and/or developmental timeframes. Here we highlight some of the plasmids and tools available at Addgene for...Gene/Insert PI Don’t see your gene listed? Know of some great plasmid tools for the community that aren'...backbones, and constructs for endogenous tagging. Some examples of useful worm CRISPR resources, along ...