| Adenosine |
Express the adenosine sensor GRAB_Ado1.0 in neurons, astrocytes, or Cre-positive cells (Constitutive or Cre-dependent) |
Li Lab GRAB_Ado Plasmids |
Yulong Li |
| Ammonium |
Yeast expression of fluorescent sensor reporting the activity of ammonium transceptors (AmTrac) |
Fluorescent sensors reporting the activity of ammonium transceptors in live cells. Elife. 2013 Jul 2;2:e00800. |
Wolf Frommer |
| Ammonium |
AmTryoshka sensor of ammonium transceptors, with nested reference fluorescent protein |
Ratiometric Matryoshka biosensors from a nested cassette of green- and orange-emitting fluorescent proteins. Nat Commun. 2017 Sep 5;8(1):431. |
Wolf Frommer |
| ADP |
A fluorescent, reagentless biosensor for ADP based on tetramethylrhodamine-labeled ParM |
A fluorescent, reagentless biosensor for ADP based on tetramethylrhodamine-labeled ParM. ACS Chem Biol. 2010 Apr 16;5(4):415-25. |
Martin Webb |
| ATP |
Multicolor palette of ATP indicators |
RGB-color intensiometric indicators visualize spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP in single cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2018 Jun 27. |
Tetsuya Kitaguchi |
| ATP |
Variants of ATP sensor iATPSnFR1.0 and iATPSnFR1.1 (cytoplasmic, membrane-displayed, expression in neurons, astrocytes) |
A genetically encoded single-wavelength sensor for imaging cytosolic and cell surface ATP. Nat Commun. 2019 Feb 12;10(1):711. |
Baljit Khakh |
| ATP |
ATP sensor for Yeast (AT1.03 derived) |
Dynamic analysis of cytosolic glucose and ATP levels in yeast using optical sensors. Biochem J. 2010 Dec 1. |
Wolf Frommer |
| ATP |
ATP sensor for Yeast (ATeam1.03 derived) |
Autonomous Metabolic Oscillations Robustly Gate the Early and Late Cell Cycle. Mol Cell. 2017 Jan 19;65(2):285-295. |
Matthias Heinemann |
| ATP |
Improved yAT1.03 FRET-based ATP sensor for yeast |
An Improved ATP FRET Sensor For Yeast Shows Heterogeneity During Nutrient Transitions. ACS Sens. 2020 Mar 27;5(3):814-822. |
Bas Teusink |
| ATP |
ecAT3.10 extracellular ATP sensor (cell surface targeted) |
Imaging extracellular ATP with a genetically-encoded, ratiometric fluorescent sensor. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 9;12(11):e0187481. |
Mathew Tantama |
| ATP |
QUEEN ATP sensors |
Diversity in ATP concentrations in a single bacterial cell population revealed by quantitative single-cell imaging. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct 6;4:6522. |
Yasushi Okada, Hiroyuki Noji |
| ATP |
Fluorescent reagentless biosensors for ATP, based on malonyl-coenzyme A synthetase |
Webb Lab RpMatB Plasmids |
Martin Webb |
| ATP (extracellular) |
GRAB_ATP1.0/ATP1.0mut biosensor for extracellular ATP (Constitutive or Cre-dependent) |
A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo. Neuron. 2021 Dec 17. pii: S0896-6273(21)00988-0. |
Yulong Li |
| ATP/ADP |
Monitor the ATP:ADP ratio during live-cell imaging (Perceval) |
A genetically encoded fluorescent reporter of ATP:ADP ratio. Nat Methods. 2009 Feb . 6(2):161-6. |
Gary Yellen |
| ATP/ADP |
Optimized fluorescent sensor of ATP:ADP ratio (PercevalHR) |
Imaging energy status in live cells with a fluorescent biosensor of the intracellular ATP-to-ADP ratio. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2550. |
Gary Yellen |
| Arabinose |
FRET-based arabinose sensor (FLIPara) |
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer sensors for quantitative monitoring of pentose and disaccharide accumulation in bacteria. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2008 Jun 3. 1(1):11. |
Wolf Frommer |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
Improved yellow fluorescent cAMP indicator (Flamindo2) |
Genetically-encoded yellow fluorescent cAMP indicator with an expanded dynamic range for dual-color imaging. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 24;9(6):e100252. |
Tetsuya Kitaguchi |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
Red fluorescent protein-based cAMP indicator (Pink Flamindo) |
Red fluorescent protein-based cAMP indicator applicable to optogenetics and in vivo imaging. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 4;7(1):7351. |
Tetsuya Kitaguchi |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
Fluorescent sensor of cyclic AMP (cAMPr) for mammalian or insect expression (Cre-dependent) |
cAMPr: A single-wavelength fluorescent sensor for cyclic AMP. Sci Signal. 2018 Mar 6;11(520). pii: 11/520/eaah3738. |
Justin Blau |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
ddRFP-based single-color biosensor for monitoring cAMP dynamics |
Single-fluorophore biosensors for sensitive and multiplexed detection of signalling activities. Nat Cell Biol. 2018 Sep 24. pii: 10.1038/s41556-018-0200-6. |
Jin Zhang |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
Yellow-emitting homoFRET/anisotropy ICUE cAMP sensor |
Single-color, ratiometric biosensors for detecting signaling activities in live cells. Elife. 2018 Jul 3;7. pii: 35458 |
Jin Zhang |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
cAMP reporter Flamindo2 |
A Toolkit for Rapid Modular Construction of Biological Circuits in Mammalian Cells. ACS Synth Biol. 2019 Nov 15;8(11):2593-2606. |
Hana El-Samad |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
Signaling reporter island (SiRI) with GFP-based fluorescent reporter cAMPr |
Spatial Multiplexing of Fluorescent Reporters for Imaging Signaling Network Dynamics. Cell. 2020 Nov 17. pii: S0092-8674(20)31399-4. |
Edward Boyden |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
FRET sensors of cAMP levels for imaging in live cells |
Jalink Lab Biosensor Plasmids |
Kees Jalink |
| cAMP (cyclic AMP) |
Fluorescent protein exchange sensor for cAMP |
Ratiometric biosensors based on dimerization-dependent fluorescent protein exchange. Nat Methods. 2015 Jan 26. |
Anne Marie Quinn |
| cGMP (cyclic GMP) |
FlincG GFP-based cGMP sensor |
Differential patterning of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle cells revealed by single GFP-linked biosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 8. |
Wolfgang Dostmann |
| cGMP (cyclic GMP) |
Green fluorescent probe for cGMP (cGull) |
Generation of a cGMP Indicator with an Expanded Dynamic Range by Optimization of Amino Acid Linkers between a Fluorescent Protein and PDE5alpha. ACS Sens. 2017 Jan 27;2(1):46-51. |
Tetsuya Kitaguchi |
| cGMP (cyclic GMP) |
FlincG3 (GFP-based cGMP sensor) for imaging in C. elegans neurons |
Using a Robust and Sensitive GFP-Based cGMP Sensor for Real Time Imaging in Intact Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 2019 Jul 22. pii: genetics.119.302392. |
Noelle L'Etoile, Miri VanHoven |
| cGMP (cyclic GMP) |
FlincG-type fluorescent biosensors for neural cGMP imaging |
Improved genetically-encoded, FlincG-type fluorescent biosensors for neural cGMP imaging. Front Mol Neurosci. 2013 Sep 24;6:26. |
John Garthwaite |
| cGMP (cyclic GMP) |
FRET-based cGMP biosensor |
SponGee: A Genetic Tool for Subcellular and Cell-Specific cGMP Manipulation. Cell Rep. 2019 Jun 25;27(13):4003-4012.e6. |
Xavier Nicol |
| Chloride (Cl-) |
ClopHensor biosensor for intracellular chloride and pH |
Arosio Lab ClopHensor Plasmids |
Daniele Arosio |
| Chloride (Cl-) |
Dual ClopHensorN chloride and proton sensor |
A genetically-encoded chloride and pH sensor for dissociating ion dynamics in the nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013 Nov 13;7:202. |
Colin Akerman |
| Chloride (Cl-) |
YFP derived for measuring Cl- concentration in physiological range |
A genetically-encoded YFP sensor with enhanced chloride sensitivity, photostability and reduced ph interference demonstrates augmented transmembrane chloride movement by gerbil prestin (SLC26a5). PLoS One. 2014 Jun 5;9(6):e99095. |
Joseph Santos-Sacchi |
| Chloride (Cl-) |
ClopHensorN chloride sensor (cytosolic) |
Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells for multimodal recordings of cellular physiology. Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 4;11(1):3881. |
Adam Cohen |
| Chloride (Cl-) |
Membrane-targeted biosensor for monitoring changes in intracellular chloride |
A sensitive membrane-targeted biosensor for monitoring changes in intracellular chloride in neuronal processes. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35373. |
Susan Amara, Susan Ingram |
| Citrate |
Nanosensors for in vivo measurements of citrate (CitA) |
Engineering genetically encoded nanosensors for real-time in vivo measurements of citrate concentrations. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28245. |
Uwe Sauer |
| Citrate |
Direct or inverse fluorescent biosensor for citrate (Citron/Citroff), mitochondrial or cytosolic |
High-Performance Intensiometric Direct- and Inverse-Response Genetically Encoded Biosensors for Citrate. ACS Cent Sci. 2020 Aug 26;6(8):1441-1450. |
Robert Campbell |
| cyclic di-GMP |
FRET-based biosensor for cyclic-di-GMP measurement |
Asymmetrical distribution of the second messenger c-di-GMP upon bacterial cell division. Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1295-7. |
Samuel Miller |
| Glucose |
FRET sensor to monitor glucose levels and transport (FLIPglu) |
Frommer Lab FLIPglu Plasmids |
Wolf Frommer |
| Glucose |
FRET sensor to monitor glucose levels and transport (FLIIglu) |
Frommer Lab FLIIglu Plasmids |
Wolf Frommer |
| Glucose |
Green fluorescent glucose indicators for living cells (Glifons) |
Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Glucose Indicators Report Glucose Dynamics in Living Cells. Anal Chem. 2019 Apr 2;91(7):4821-4830. |
Tetsuya Kitaguchi |
| Glucose |
Red fluorescent glucose indicators for living cells (Glifons) |
Development of red genetically encoded biosensor for visualization of intracellular glucose dynamics. Cell Chem Biol. 2021 Jun 29. pii: S2451-9456(21)00301-9. |
Takashi Tsuboi |
| Glucose |
iGlucoSnFR-TS biosensor for intracellular glucose |
Quantitative in vivo imaging of neuronal glucose concentrations with a genetically encoded fluorescence lifetime sensor. J Neurosci Res. 2019 May 20. |
Gary Yellen |
| Glucose |
iGlucoSnFR biosensors for cytosolic glucose |
Looger Lab Glucose Sensor Plasmids |
Loren Looger |
| Glutamine |
FLIPQTV3.0 glutamine sensor variants |
Visualization of glutamine transporter activities in living cells using genetically encoded glutamine sensors. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38591. |
Sakiko Okumoto |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
Fluorescent reporter of cytosolic hydrogen peroxide |
Monitoring the action of redox-directed cancer therapeutics using a human peroxiredoxin-2-based probe. Nat Commun. 2018 Aug 7;9(1):3145. |
Hadley Sikes |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
Monitoring of basal H2O2 levels with peroxiredoxin-based probes |
Real-time monitoring of basal H2O2 levels with peroxiredoxin-based probes. Nat Chem Biol. 2016 Jun;12(6):437-43. |
Tobias Dick |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
Measure changes in intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration |
Belousov Lab HyPer Plasmids |
Vsevolod Belousov |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
Cytosolic or mitochondrial sensor for H2O2 oxidation (roGFP2-Orp1) |
Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells for multimodal recordings of cellular physiology. Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 4;11(1):3881 |
Adam Cohen |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
Hydrogen peroxide-sensitive fluorescent biosensor HyPer3 |
Chemogenetic generation of hydrogen peroxide in the heart induces severe cardiac dysfunction. Nat Commun. 2018 Oct 2;9(1):4044. |
Thomas Michel |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
Expresses hydrogen peroxide biosensor HyPer2 in plant cells |
Photosynthesis-dependent H2O2 transfer from chloroplasts to nuclei provides a high-light signalling mechanism. Nat Commun. 2017 Jun 29;8(1):49. |
Philip Mullineaux |
| Insulin |
Sensor for Imaging Insulin Secretion |
A Ratiometric Sensor for Imaging Insulin Secretion in Single beta Cells. Cell Chem Biol. 2017 Apr 20;24(4):525-531.e4. |
Dmytro Yushchenko |
| Lactate |
Laconic FRET-based lactate sensor |
Barros Lab Laconic Plasmids |
Luis Felipe Barros |
| Lactate/Pyruvate |
Lapronic FRET-based sensor for Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio |
Imaging of the Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio Using a Genetically Encoded FRET Indicator. Anal Chem. 2020 Jun 29. |
Luis Felipe Barros |
| Lactate |
Expresses eLACCO1.1 fluorescent biosensor for extracellular L-lactate, in neurons, astrocytes or mammalian cells |
A genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor for extracellular L-lactate. Nat Commun. 2021 Dec 6;12(1):7058. |
Marie-Eve Paquet, Robert Campbell |
| Lactate |
Lindoblum green fluorescent biosensor for lactate |
Green fluorescent protein-based lactate and pyruvate indicators suitable for biochemical assays and live cell imaging. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 11;10(1):19562. |
Takashi Tsuboi |
| Maltose |
Single fluorescent protein biosensor for maltose |
Rapid construction of metabolite biosensors using domain-insertion profiling. Nat Commun. 2016 Jul 29;7:12266. |
David Savage |
| Maltose |
Monitor maltose levels and metabolism (FLIPmal) |
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer sensors for quantitative monitoring of pentose and disaccharide accumulation in bacteria. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2008 Jun 3. 1(1):11. |
Wolf Frommer |
| Maltose |
Green fluorescent MBP-based maltose biosensor |
A genetically encoded, high-signal-to-noise maltose sensor. Proteins. 2011 Nov;79(11):3025-36. |
Loren Looger |
| NADH/NAD+ |
Peredox NADH/NAD+ sensor (cytosolic) |
Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells for multimodal recordings of cellular physiology. Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 4;11(1):3881 |
Adam Cohen |
| NADH/NAD+ |
Fluorescent biosensor of NAD/NADH (RexYFP) |
Genetically encoded fluorescent indicator for imaging NAD/NADH ratio changes in different cellular compartments. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Nov 25. pii: S0304-4165(13)00519-9. |
Vsevolod Belousov |
| NADH/NAD+ |
Peredox Fluorescent biosensor of the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state |
Imaging Cytosolic NADH-NAD(+) Redox State with a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensor. Cell Metab. 2011 Oct 5;14(4):545-54. |
Gary Yellen |
| NADH/NAD+ |
Peredox fluorescent sensor protein for NADH/NAD+ ratio |
Cytosolic NADH-NAD Redox Visualized in Brain Slices by Two-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Biosensor Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2016 Mar 18. |
Gary Yellen |
| NADH/NAD+ |
Cytosolic expression of fluorescent NADH/NAD+ biosensor Peredox-mCherry in plants |
In Vivo NADH/NAD+ Biosensing Reveals the Dynamics of Cytosolic Redox Metabolism in Plants. Plant Cell. 2020 Aug 13. pii: tpc.20.00241. |
Markus Schwarzländer |
| NADPH |
BRET semi-synthetic biosensor measuring the NADPH concentration |
Semisynthetic sensor proteins enable metabolic assays at the point of care. Science. 2018 Sep 14;361(6407):1122-1126. |
Kai Johnsson |
| NADPH/NADP+ or NAD+ |
Snifit FRET-based sensors of NADPH/NADP+ ratio or NAD+ |
Semisynthetic biosensors for mapping cellular concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. Elife. 2018 May 29;7. pii: 32638. |
Kai Johnsson |
| Phosphate |
Scaffold for inorganic phosphate biosensor |
Development of a Reagentless Biosensor for Inorganic Phosphate, Applicable over a Wide Concentration Range. Biochemistry. 2015 Aug 18;54(32):5054-62. |
Martin Webb |
| Phosphate |
FRET-based phosphate sensor (FLIPPi) |
A novel analytical method for in vivo phosphate tracking. FEBS Lett. 2006 Oct 30. 580(25):5885-93. |
Wolf Frommer |
| Pyruvate |
Quantitative measurement of pyruvate transport, production and consumption |
Barros Lab Pyronic Plasmids |
Luis Felipe Barros |
| Pyruvate |
Pegassos green fluorescent biosensor for pyruvate |
Green fluorescent protein-based lactate and pyruvate indicators suitable for biochemical assays and live cell imaging. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 11;10(1):19562. |
Takashi Tsuboi |
| Ribose |
FRET-based sensor to monitor ribose uptake and metabolism, FLIPrbs |
Development of a fluorescent nanosensor for ribose. FEBS Lett. 2003 Oct 9. 553(1-2):85-9. |
Wolf Frommer |
| Sucrose |
FRET-based sensor to monitor sucrose levels, FLIPsuc |
Conversion of a putative Agrobacterium sugar-binding protein into a FRET sensor with high selectivity for sucrose. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 13. 281(41):30875-83. |
Wolf Frommer |
| Trehalose |
Single fluorescent protein biosensor for trehalose |
Rapid construction of metabolite biosensors using domain-insertion profiling. Nat Commun. 2016 Jul 29;7:12266. |
David Savage |
| Tryptophan |
Visualize intracellular tryptophan levels and flux |
Nanosensor detection of an immunoregulatory tryptophan influx/kynurenine efflux cycle. PLoS Biol. 2007 Oct;5(10):e257. |
Wolf Frommer |
Fluorescent Proteins: Biosensors
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